Surface
lattice resonance supported on nanoparticle arrays is a
promising candidate for enhancing fluorescent effects in both absorption
and emission. The optical enhancement provided by surface lattice
resonance is primarily through light confinement beyond the diffraction
limit, where the nanoparticle arrays can enhance light–matter
interaction for increased absorption as well as provide more local
density of states for enhanced spontaneous emission. In this work,
we optimize the in-coupling efficiency of the fluorescent molecules
by finding the conditions to maximize the absorption, also known as
the critical coupling condition. We studied the transmission characteristics
and the fluorescent emission of a TiO2 nanoparticle array
embedded in an index-matching layer with a fluorescent dye at various
concentrations. A modified coupled-mode theory that describes the
nanoparticle array was then derived and verified by numerical simulations.
With the analytical model, we analyzed the experimental measurements
and discovered the condition to critically couple light into the fluorescent
dye, which is demonstrated as the strongest emission. This study presents
a useful guide for designing efficient energy transfer from the excitation
beam to the emitters, which maximizes the external conversion efficiency.