Photoluminescence of Eu3+-doped CaZrO red-emitting phosphors synthesized via microwave-assisted hydrothermal method

Multireference Ab Initio Investigation on Ground and Low-Lying Excited States: Systematic Evaluation of J–J Mixing in a Eu3+ Luminescent Complex

“…They are a fundamental element in light-emitting diodes, displays, lasers, telecommunications, sensors, molecular thermometers, lighting systems, and biological immunoassays and imaging. − Among lanthanides, the Eu 3+ ion has had an increasingly relevant role as a luminescent activator in different classes of materials due to its high efficiency as a red light emitter . Moreover, its energy level structure is relatively simple, and the ground ( 7 F 0 ) and the emitting ( 5 D 0 ) states are not degenerate; hence, it is possible to monitor Eu 3+ emission and excitation transitions also in a host lattice. , Some 5 D 0 → 7 F J electronic transitions are very sensitive to the local environment surrounding the ion; therefore, Eu 3+ can be used as a spectroscopic probe for investigating structural properties of the material in which it is embedded. , This characteristic results in the extensive use of this ion to determine the local symmetry of an ion site, , to test the crystal defects, to evaluate the crystal field strength, and to rationalize the thermal treatment effects on oxides . Literature highlights the importance of accurate determination of the electronic states of the Eu 3+ ; hence, the development of new methods and the nonstandard application of the existent theoretical tools to correctly include the not always negligible effects of the ligand field on 4f states are the new frontier in the ab initio treatment of this ion.…”