Photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water

This study assessed the partitioning of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromo diphenyl ether (BDE-47), 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromo diphenyl ether (BDE-99) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) among water, dissolved organic carbon (DOC: 4.93-8.72 mg/L), and particulate organic carbon (POC: 191-462 µg/L) along the salinity gradient (0-5.5‰) of the Baltic Sea off the coast of Finland. Equilibrium dialysis and two solid-phase extraction techniques using polyoxymethylene polymer (POM) were used to determine partitioning coefficients. Experiments using artificial coastal water (ACW) with Nordic fulvic (FAs) and humic acids (HAs) were used to assess the effect of salinity (0 and 5.5‰) on the DOC-water partitioning of the model compounds. All three compounds bound more (2.2-3.8-fold) to the HAs than to the FAs. Increasing salinity from 0 to 5.5‰ decreased sorption to dissolved humic substances in the ACW and Baltic Sea water samples. Along the salinity gradient, the sorption of compounds to organic material decreased when the salinity increased. Particulate organic matter sorbed model compounds per unit of carbon more than dissolved organic matter. Along the studied salinity gradient, the freely dissolved portion increased from 10 to 29% to 52 to 80% in the coastal water samples, mainly because of the increasing salinity and changes in DOC and quality of POC.

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“…Benzo [a]pyrene is also known to decompose by photo-oxidation [7] and to be transformed or degraded microbiologically [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning of tetra‐ and pentabromo diphenyl ether and benzo[a]pyrene among water and dissolved and particulate organic carbon along a salinity gradient in coastal waters

Kuivikko

Sorsa

Kukkonen

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Zepp and Schlotzhauer [11] in their work present relatively rapid photodegradation of PAHs in real water samples, which ranged from several minutes to hours. The relatively significant observed made the authors Mill et al [9], who in his study discovered relatively rapid photodegradation of BaP in real samples in the presence of sunlight. The resulted intermediate of photodegradation, benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8-dihydrodiolt-9,10-epoxide (+/-, against, BPDE), can cause genotoxicity of biological macromolecules, including DNA [47].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…For pure water, the photodegradation half-lives appear to be in the range of hours [9,10], whereas the halflives increase dramatically when there is sediment/ water partitioning [11]. BaP is a potent environmental carcinogen that is metabolized into diolepoxides that react with exocyclic amines in DNA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the phototoxic effect of Benzo[a] Pyrene on bacteria

Takáčová¹,

Smolinská²,

Olejníková

et al. 2013

Open Life Sciences

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Although Benzo[a]Pyrene (BaP) released to soils tends to bind very strongly to soil particles, however, small amounts have been shown to leach into groundwaters. This polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is stable and can stay (and travel) in the environment for an extended period of time. Release of BaP into the environment therefore causes concern at a global environmental level. In this paper we evaluated the effect of BaP on the cell growth of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis in aerobic conditions. Irradiation of BaP increased its antibacterial activity which suggests that this process produced a singlet oxygen. This way would be able to speed up the processes of photochemical degradation of BaP.

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“…Selenasrrum is a photosynthetic organism, and BaP is subject to photooxidation in aqueous medium [Zepp and Schlotzhauer, 1979;Mill et al, 1981;Katz et al, 19791. It has been shown that the relative amounts of specific BaP metabolites produced by Selenastrum were influenced by the intensity of light at varying wavelengths to which they were exposed [Warshawsky et al, 19831.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutagenicity of algal metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene for Salmonella typhimurium

et al. 1985

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The metabolism and growth effects of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) were studied using a freshwater green alga, Selenastrum capricornutum. Algal cultures were incubated under gold light with BaP added at concentrations of 40, 160, 400, and 1,200 micrograms/liter for the periods of 1-4 days. The metabolites and BaP were identified and quantified from ethyl acetate extracts of both algal cells and incubation medium. The ethyl acetate extracts were evaluated for genotoxicity using a micro-volume Salmonella typhimurium forward mutation assay with resistance to 8-azaguanine for selection. This assay detected the presence of small quantities of BaP and was particularly sensitive to the mutagenicity of BaP diols. Of those extracts prepared from algae and medium from cultures exposed to 400 micrograms BaP/liter (10 micrograms/25 ml culture), only algal cell extracts from one day's growth were mutagenic. In cultures exposed to 1,200 micrograms BaP/liter (30 micrograms/25 ml culture), mutagenic materials were produced or persisted in both algae and media throughout the 4-day incubation. The observed mutagenic response can be attributed in part to the presence of unmetabolized BaP or to BaP diols.

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Photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water

Cited by 130 publications

References 4 publications

Partitioning of tetra‐ and pentabromo diphenyl ether and benzo[a]pyrene among water and dissolved and particulate organic carbon along a salinity gradient in coastal waters

Partitioning of tetra‐ and pentabromo diphenyl ether and benzo[a]pyrene among water and dissolved and particulate organic carbon along a salinity gradient in coastal waters

A study of the phototoxic effect of Benzo[a] Pyrene on bacteria

Mutagenicity of algal metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene for Salmonella typhimurium

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