Photolysis of Water and Photoreduction of Nitrogen on Titanium Dioxide

Schrauzer, G. N.; Guth, T. D.

doi:10.1021/ja00464a015

Cited by 1,086 publications

(582 citation statements)

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“…In 1977, Frank and Bard [4] examined the reduction of CN -in water using this technology. Schrauzer and Guth [5] reported the photocatalytic reduction of molecular nitrogen to ammonia and hydrazine over iron-doped TiO 2 . Schrauzer et al [6] also performed experiments with desert sand and minerals to reduce nitrogen.…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of TiO2 nanoparticles

2011

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Climate change and the consumption of non-renewable resources are considered as the greatest problems facing humankind. Because of this, photocatalysis research has been rapidly expanding. TiO 2 nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for photocatalytic applications including the decomposition of organic compounds and production of H 2 as a fuel using solar energy. This article reviews the structure and electronic properties of TiO 2 , compares TiO 2 with other common semiconductors used for photocatalytic applications and clarifies the advantages of using TiO 2 nanoparticles. TiO 2 is considered close to an ideal semiconductor for photocatalysis but possesses certain limitations such as poor absorption of visible radiation and rapid recombination of photogenerated electron/hole pairs. In this review article, various methods used to enhance the photocatalytic characteristics of TiO 2 including dye sensitization, doping, coupling and capping are discussed. Environmental and energy applications of TiO 2 , including photocatalytic treatment of wastewater, pesticide degradation and water splitting to produce hydrogen have been summarized. Historical backgroundThe growth of industry worldwide has tremendously increased the generation and accumulation of waste byproducts. In general, the production of useful products has been focused on and the generation of waste byproducts has been largely ignored. This has caused severe environmental problems that have become a major concern. Researchers all over the world have been working on various approaches to address this issue. Photoinduced processes have been studied and various applications have been developed. One important technique for removing industrial waste is the use of light energy (electromagnetic radiation) and particles sensitive to this energy to mineralize waste which aids in its removal from solution. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is considered very close to an ideal semiconductor for photocatalysis because of its high stability, low cost and safety toward both humans and the environment.*Corresponding author (email: shipra.mital@gmail.com)In 1964, Kato et al.[1] published their work on the photocatalytic oxidation of tetralin (1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene) by a TiO 2 suspension, which was followed by McLintock et al. [2] investigating the photocatalytic oxidation of ethylene and propylene in the presence of oxygen adsorbed on TiO 2 . However, the most important discovery that extensively promoted the field of photocatalysis was the "Honda-Fujishima Effect" first described by Fujishima and Honda in 1972 [3]. This well-known chemical phenomenon involves electrolysis of water, which is related to photocatalysis. Photoirradiation of a TiO 2 (rutile) single crystal electrode immersed in an aqueous electrolyte solution induced the evolution of oxygen from the TiO 2 electrode and the evolution of hydrogen from a platinum counterelectrode when an anodic bias was applied to the TiO 2 working electrode. In 1977, Frank and Bard [4] examined the reduction of ...

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Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of TiO2 nanoparticles

2011

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“…This reaction has been demonstrated with preparations of CdS [280] and TiO 2 [281][282][283][284]. The photoreducing capacity of ZnS is higher than that of CdS and TiO 2 [154,190], and therefore one would expect that primordial ZnS systems were capable of reducing dinitrogen to ammonium as well, thus complementing the ammonium content of hydrothermal fluids.…”

Section: Photosynthesis In the Zn Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Polyphosphate Modulates TRPM8 Channels

Trimm¹

2011

Inorganic Chemistry

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“…From the high-magnification image shown in Figure 1b, it can be observed that the spheres are assembled by nanorods. It has been proposed that the chlorine system can help produce nanorods [7,8,24]. In this system, the nanorods with smaller dimensions are first formed under the current hydrothermal conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photocatalysis on the surface of semiconductors is among the most promising technologies for converting solar energy into chemical energy [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. There are four processes in a typical photocatalytic reaction, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of photocatalytic performance of titanium oxide spheres assembled by nanorods, nanoplates and nanosheets

Liu

Chang

Chen

et al. 2011

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials

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TiO 2 spheres assembled by nanorods, nanoplates and nanosheets were fabricated by facile hydrothermal/solvothermal methods. The three samples were thoroughly characterised by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method and UV spectroscopy. The surface area of spheres assembled by nanosheets was 83.9 m 2 g -1 , which is larger than that obtained for nanorods (10.8 m 2 g -1 ) and nanoplates (6.31 m 2 g -1 ). Their photocatalytic performance was evaluated in terms of the decomposition rate of methyl orange in these three samples under UV irradiation. The best photoactivity was observed in the samples constructed from nanosheets.

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Photolysis of Water and Photoreduction of Nitrogen on Titanium Dioxide

Cited by 1,086 publications

References 5 publications

A review of TiO2 nanoparticles

A review of TiO2 nanoparticles

Inorganic Polyphosphate Modulates TRPM8 Channels

Comparative study of photocatalytic performance of titanium oxide spheres assembled by nanorods, nanoplates and nanosheets

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