Water-soluble
π-conjugated polymers are increasingly envisioned
in biosensors, in which their unique optical and electronic properties
permit a highly sensitive detection of biomolecular targets. In particular,
cationic π-conjugated polymers are attractive for DNA sensing
technologies, through the use of the fluorescence signals either in
physiological solutions or in thin films. However, in the context
of enzymatic activity assays, fluorescence-based methods require covalently
labeling DNA with a dye or an antibody and are limited to short time
scale due to dye photobleaching. In this frame, we report here a
novel possible approach to probe the cleavage of DNA by a restriction
enzyme, in continuous and without covalently labeled DNA substrate.
This is achieved by exploiting unique chiroptical signals arising
from the chiral induction of DNA to a poly[3-(6′-(trimethylphosphonium)hexyl)thiophene-2,5-diyl]
upon interaction. The cleavage of DNA by HpaI, an
endonuclease enzyme, is monitored through circular dichroism (CD)
signals in the spectral range where the polymer absorbs light, i.e.,
far away from the spectral ranges of both DNA and the enzyme. We compare
the results to a conventional noncontinuous assay by polyacrylamide
gel electrophoresis, and we demonstrate that induced CD signals are
effective in probing the enzymatic activity. By means of molecular
dynamics simulations and calculations of CD spectra, we bring molecular
insights into the structure of DNA/polymer supramolecular complexes
before and after the cleavage of DNA. We show that the cleavage of
DNA modifies the dynamics and the organization of the polymer backbone
induced by the DNA helix. Altogether, our results provide detailed
spectroscopic and structural insights into the enzymatic cleavage
of DNA in interaction with a π-conjugated polymer, which could
be helpful for developing chiroptical detection tools to monitor the
catalytic activity in real time.