Photon-assisted electron-hole shot noise in multiterminal conductors

Rychkov, Valentin S.; Polianski, M. L.; Büttiker, Μ.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.72.155326

Cited by 47 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…An electronic HOM experiment has been proposed by Giovannetti et al [63]. HOM shot noise correlation of electron-hole pairs using two phase shifted ac voltages of weak amplitude (eV ac < hν) has been theoretically considered by Rychkov et al [43]. Up to now, the theoretical works have only addressed the case not discussed here of two single charges emitted from two ac driven quantum dot capacitors.…”

Section: Energy Domain: Spectroscopy Of the E-h Pairs Excitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, the theory of quantum partition noise of photon-created electron-hole pairs, equations (6-9), was experimentally checked from weak to large ac excitation and by varying the transmission. Motivated by this experiment, Rychkov et al [43] have theoretically shown that the electron and hole excitations contributing to noise in Eq. (9) are not statistically independent.…”

Section: Photo-assisted Shot Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the separation of the voltage pulse into its mean value, or d.c. part < V (t) >= V dc and its ac component V ac (t) = V (t) − V dc as in ref. [28], the physics of voltage pulses can be conveniently discussed in the framework of Photo-Assisted Shot Noise (PASN) where both theoretical [41][42][43] and experimental results [45,48] are already available. At zero temperature, the excess noise ∆S I characterizing the extra excitations is then the difference between the PASN noise S P ASN I due to V (t) = V ac + V dc and the (transport) shot noise (TSN) S T SN I that we would have with only the dc voltage V (t) = V dc [35-40, 49, 50].…”

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Integer and fractional charge Lorentzian voltage pulses analyzed in the framework of photon-assisted shot noise

et al. 2013

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The periodic injection n of electrons in a quantum conductor using periodic voltage pulses applied on a contact is studied in the energy and time-domain using shot noise computation in order to make comparison with experiments. We particularly consider the case of periodic Lorentzian voltage pulses. When carrying integer charge, they are known to provide electronic states with a minimal number of excitations, while other type of pulses are all accompanied by an extra neutral cloud of electron and hole excitations. This paper focuses on the low frequency shot noise which arises when the pulse excitations are partitioned by a single scatterer in the framework of the Photo Assisted Shot Noise (PASN) theory. As a unique tool to count the number of excitations carried per pulse, shot noise reveals that pulses of arbitrary shape and arbitrary charge show a marked minimum when the charge is integer. Shot noise spectroscopy is also considered to perform energy-domain characterization of the charge pulses. In particular it reveals the striking asymmetrical spectrum of Lorentzian pulses. Finally, time-domain information is obtained from Hong Ou Mandel like noise correlations when two trains of pulses generated on opposite contacts collide on the scatterer. As a function of the time delay between pulse trains, the noise is shown to measure the electron wavepacket autocorrelation function for integer Lorentzian thanks to electron antibunching. In order to make contact with recent experiments all the calculations are made at zero and finite temperature. This paper addresses the noiseless injection of a small finite number of electrons in a quantum conductor. Indeed, quantum effects become more and more accessible when only few degrees of freedom are controlled. During the last thirty years, research in this direction has lead to the possibility to manipulate quantum states with several degrees of freedom and to entangle particles making possible simple quantum information processing. Up to now most advances have been obtained in quantum optics with the manipulation of single photons emitted by atoms or semiconductor quantum dots, and in atomic physics with optical arrays of trapped cold atoms or ions More recently the manipulation of quantum states has become available in condensed matter systems using superconducting circuits and semiconductor quantum dots.A recent approach is the manipulation of single charges injected in a quantum ballistic conductors. Realizations of time controlled single charge sources have been reported in [1][2][3][4][5] and considered theoretically in [6-13] with a particular focus on the energy resolved single electron source based on a quantum dot [1]. Injecting more than one electron requires a different practical approach which is the subject of this paper. We will consider the more general case of coherent trains of few undistinguishable electrons [14,15] which opens the way to entangle several quasi-particles but also to probe the full counting statistics [16] with a finite number of electrons...

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Section: Energy Domain: Spectroscopy Of the E-h Pairs Excitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photo-assisted Shot Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integer and fractional charge Lorentzian voltage pulses analyzed in the framework of photon-assisted shot noise

et al. 2013

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“…[18]. In both cases there is a correlation contribution to the noise [19]. The noise properties are completely different in the strong amplitude regime, V α,1 > ∼ ∆ α , when the SES can emit an electron or absorb an electron (i.e., emit a hole).…”

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confidence: 99%

Shot Noise of a Mesoscopic Two-Particle Collider

et al. 2008

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We investigate the shot noise generated by particle emission from a mesoscopic capacitor into an edge state reflected and transmitted at a quantum point contact (QPC). For a capacitor subject to a periodic voltage the resulting shot noise is proportional to the number of particles (both electrons and holes) emitted during a period. It is proportional to the product of transmission and reflection probability of the QPC independent of the applied voltage but proportional to the driving frequency. If two driven capacitors are coupled to a QPC at different sides then the resulting shot noise is maximally the sum of noises produced by each of the capacitors. However the noise is suppressed depending on the coincidence of the emission of two particles of the same kind. Of high interest are dynamic current quantization phenomena. This quantization is governed by the number of particles participating in the transport during some fixed time interval (e.g., the driving period of a pump [8]). A quantized dc current was experimentally observed in a Coulomb blockade turnstile [9], in a one-dimensional channel under the action of surface acoustic waves [10], and recently in a 1D channel subject to either two local potentials oscillating out of phase [11] or a single oscillating potential [12]. Importantly a quantized ac current generated by a quantum capacitor subject to large amplitude excitation was observed [13] and discussed [14,15].These phenomena deal with the measurement of single particle observables, like the current. We show in this Letter that the noise, essentially a two-particle phenomenon, can exhibit a quantization behavior as well.We consider the system, Fig. 1, consisting of two quantum capacitors connected to different linear edge states which in turn are coupled via a central quantum point contact (QPC). In the regime when either one of the quantum capacitors (or both) generate a quantized ac current [13] induced by an oscillating back-gate potential the shot noise, as we show, is quantized. If the transmission T α of a QPC connecting the capacitor α = L, R to the linear edge state is small, T α → 0, and the amplitude of the driving potential V α (t) = V α,0 + V α,1 cos(Ωt + ϕ α ) is large compared to the level spacing ∆ α then for small frequency n α = [2V α,1 /∆ α ] electrons (here [X] is the inte- ger part of X) and n α holes are emitted during a driving period T = 2π/Ω. We show that, if the emission of particles is not simultaneous, the zero-frequency correlator P 12 of currents flowing into the leads 1 and 2 iswhere N = 2n L + 2n R is the total number of particles (electrons and holes) emitted during a driving period, P 0 = (2e 2 /h)T C R Ch Ω, with T C , R C being transmission and reflection probabilities of the central QPC connecting the two linear edge states, see Fig. 1. Note that the noise produced by the source α alone is: P α,12 = −2n α P 0 . If two electrons (or two holes) emitted by different sources arrive at the central QPC at the same time then the noise will be suppressed. The difference δ...

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“…However the approach is only applicable to two-dimensional devices, it is formulated in the framework of semi-empirical tight-binding, and does not include a self-consistent treatment of finite applied potential. Finally, a mesoscopic treatment for phononassisted current through multiterminal conductors was formulated by Rychkov et al 6 . While these multiterminal approaches address important issues, they neither treat the system in an ab initio fashion, including atomistic details, nor do they account for the self-consistent (SC) rearrangement of electrons as the bias and the current increase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First-principles methodology for quantum transport in multiterminal junctions

Saha

Bernholc

et al. 2009

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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We present a generalized approach for computing electron conductance and I-V characteristics in multiterminal junctions from first-principles. Within the framework of Keldysh theory, electron transmission is evaluated employing an O(N) method for electronic-structure calculations. The nonequilibrium Green function for the nonequilibrium electron density of the multiterminal junction is computed self-consistently by solving Poisson equation after applying a realistic bias. We illustrate the suitability of the method on two examples of four-terminal systems, a radialene molecule connected to carbon chains and two crossed carbon chains brought together closer and closer. We describe charge density, potential profile, and transmission of electrons between any two terminals. Finally, we discuss the applicability of this technique to study complex electronic devices.

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Photon-assisted electron-hole shot noise in multiterminal conductors

Cited by 47 publications

References 45 publications

Integer and fractional charge Lorentzian voltage pulses analyzed in the framework of photon-assisted shot noise

Integer and fractional charge Lorentzian voltage pulses analyzed in the framework of photon-assisted shot noise

Shot Noise of a Mesoscopic Two-Particle Collider

First-principles methodology for quantum transport in multiterminal junctions

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