Photon number resolution enables quantum receiver for realistic coherent optical communications

Becerra, F. E.; Fan, Jingyun; Migdall, Alan L.

doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.280

Cited by 140 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In particular, the required SFG can be implemented in an optical cavity or nonlinear waveguides [60], and its K cycles can be combined on a photonic integrated circuit [61][62][63]. Feed-forward operations have been successfully employed to obtain improved performance in the discrimination of coherent states [39][40][41], mixed states [64], and entangled states [65]. Furthermore, our receivers have other potential applications, including optimum reception for the QI communication protocol [66], and quantum state and channel tomography [67,68].…”

Section: Prl 118 040801 (2017) P H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adding a feedforward (FF) mechanism yields the FF-SFG receiver, whose error probability achieves the Helstrom bound [33]. The FF-SFG receiver is potentially promising for other quantum-enhanced sensing scenarios, such as phase estimation, and it enlarges the toolbox for quantum-state discrimination [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. In particular, it is the first architecture-short of a quantum computer-for optimum discrimination of multimode Gaussian mixed states, a major step beyond the optimum discrimination of singlemode pure states [48][49][50][51].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optimum Mixed-State Discrimination for Noisy Entanglement-Enhanced Sensing

2017

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Quantum metrology utilizes nonclassical resources, such as entanglement or squeezed light, to realize sensors whose performance exceeds that afforded by classical-state systems. Environmental loss and noise, however, easily destroy nonclassical resources and, thus, nullify the performance advantages of most quantum-enhanced sensors. Quantum illumination (QI) is different. It is a robust entanglement-enhanced sensing scheme whose 6 dB performance advantage over a coherent-state sensor of the same average transmitted photon number survives the initial entanglement's eradication by loss and noise. Unfortunately, an implementation of the optimum quantum receiver that would reap QI's full performance advantage has remained elusive, owing to its having to deal with a huge number of very noisy optical modes. We show how sum-frequency generation (SFG) can be fruitfully applied to optimum multimode Gaussian-mixedstate discrimination. Applied to QI, our analysis and numerical evaluations demonstrate that our SFG receiver saturates QI's quantum Chernoff bound. Moreover, augmenting our SFG receiver with a feedforward (FF) mechanism pushes its performance to the Helstrom bound in the limit of low signal brightness. The FF-SFG receiver, thus, opens the door to optimum quantum-enhanced imaging, radar detection, state and channel tomography, and communication in practical Gaussian-state situations. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.040801 Introduction.-Entanglement is essential for deviceindependent quantum cryptography [1], quantum computing [2], and quantum-enhanced metrology [3]. It has also been employed in frequency and phase estimation to beat their standard quantum limits on measurement precision [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Furthermore, entanglement has applications across diverse research areas, including dynamic biological measurement [11], delicate material probing [12], gravitational wave detection [13], and quantum lithography [14]. Entanglement, however, is fragile; it is easily destroyed by quantum decoherence arising from environmental loss and noise. Consequently, the entanglement-enabled performance advantages of most quantum-enhanced sensing schemes quickly dissipate with increasing quantum decoherence, challenging their merits for practical situations.Quantum illumination (QI) is an entanglement-enhanced paradigm for target detection that thrives on entanglementbreaking loss and noise [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Its optimum quantum receiver enjoys a 6 dB advantage in error-probability exponent over optimum classical sensing using the same transmitted photon number. Remarkably, QI's advantage occurs despite the initial entanglement being completely destroyed.To date, the only in-principle realization of QI's optimum quantum receiver requires a Schur transform on a quantum computer [23], so that its physical implementation is unlikely to occur in the near future. At present, the best known suboptimum QI receivers [20,21]-one of which, the optical parametric amplifier (OPA) receiver, has been

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Section: Prl 118 040801 (2017) P H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T Ementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum Mixed-State Discrimination for Noisy Entanglement-Enhanced Sensing

2017

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“…It has also been reported that separable m easurem ents w ith feedforw ard im proves the sensitivity in discrim inating code w ords so as to approach the Holevo bound. There has been experim ental dem onstration o f joint-detection receivers w hich discrim inate code w ords encoded as sequences o f coherent states, with error rates below the standard quantum lim it achievable w ith hetero dyne m easurem ent [22,23]. Building upon the results o f our current work, we plan to investigate G aussian com m unications involving collective operations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Classical capacity of Gaussian communication under a single noisy channel

Lee

Park

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. A

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A long-standing problem on the classical capacity of bosonic Gaussian channels has recently been resolved by proving the minimum output entropy conjecture. It is also known that the ultimate capacity quantified by the Holevo bound can be achieved asymptotically by using an infinite number of channels. However, it is less understood to what extent the communication capacity can be reached if one uses a finite number of channels, which is a topic of practical importance. In this paper, we study the capacity of Gaussian communication, i.e., employing Gaussian states and Gaussian measurements to encode and decode information under a single-channel use. We prove that the optimal capacity of single-channel Gaussian communication is achieved by one of two well-known protocols, i.e., coherent-state communication or squeezed-state communication, depending on the energy (number of photons) as well as the characteristics of the channel. Our result suggests that the coherent-state scheme known to achieve the ultimate information-theoretic capacity is not a practically optimal scheme for the case of using a finite number of channels. We find that overall the squeezed-state communication is optimal in a small-photon-number regime whereas the coherent-state communication performs better in a large-photon-number regime.

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“…However, it is one of the innermost consequences of the laws of quantum mechanics that nonorthogonal states cannot be discriminated with certainty. Optimal detection strategies were first investigated by Helstrom [20,21] and Holevo [22] and a lot of attention has since been devoted to the development of optimal and near-optimal receivers for binary coherent states [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] and for the discrimination of larger signal alphabets [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. An overview over different receiver schemes is provided in Appendix B.…”

Section: Binary Coherent-state Cloningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimally cloned binary coherent states

et al. 2017

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Binary coherent state alphabets can be represented in a two-dimensional Hilbert space. We capitalize this formal connection between the otherwise distinct domains of qubits and continuous variable states to map binary phase-shift keyed coherent states onto the Bloch sphere and to derive their quantum-optimal clones. We analyze the Wigner function and the cumulants of the clones, and we conclude that optimal cloning of binary coherent states requires a nonlinearity above second order. We propose several practical and near-optimal cloning schemes and compare their cloning fidelity to the optimal cloner.

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Photon number resolution enables quantum receiver for realistic coherent optical communications

Cited by 140 publications

References 43 publications

Optimum Mixed-State Discrimination for Noisy Entanglement-Enhanced Sensing

Optimum Mixed-State Discrimination for Noisy Entanglement-Enhanced Sensing

Classical capacity of Gaussian communication under a single noisy channel

Optimally cloned binary coherent states

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