Photon-stimulated desorption of Na from a lunar sample: temperature-dependent effects

Yakshinskiy, B. V.; Madey, Theodore E.

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2003.12.007

Cited by 64 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Such a prospect is also suggested by the laboratory experiments of Yakshinskiy and Madey (2004). They found that, depending on the type of sample, the PSD efficiency might increase by up to a factor 10 when increasing the temperature from 100 K to 470 K. This dependency was suggested to be due to the variation of the effective local bond energy of the trapped Na + with increasing temperature.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 75%

“…Therefore, we will set Q PSD to values from 4×10 -20 to 1×10 -21 cm 2 . PSD ejection efficiency may also strongly depend on the surface temperature (Yakshinskiy and Madey 2004). Yakshinskiy and Madey (2005) measured a decrease of the electron stimulated desorption (ESD) yield (which behaves in a similar way to PSD) by a factor 3 from 400 to 600 K surface temperature but the opposite 16 behaviour for the Na + PSD yield.…”

Section: Ii-2 Ejection Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mercury exosphere I. Global circulation model of its sodium component

Leblanc

Johnson

2010

Icarus

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Our understanding of Mercury's sodium exosphere has improved considerably in the last 5 years thanks to new observations (Schleicher et al. 2004) and to the publication of a summary of the large set of ground based observations (Potter et al. 2008;2007;. In particular, the non-uniformity in longitude of the dayside sodium distribution (the dawn/dusk asymmetry) has now been clearly observed. This suggests that Mercury's sodium exosphere is partly driven by a global day to night side migration of the volatiles. One of the key questions remaining is the nature of the prevailing sodium ejection mechanisms. Because of the uncertain parameters for each ejection mechanisms, solving this problem has been difficult as indicated by the numerous papers over the last 15 years with very different conclusions. In addition, the variation of the size and of the spatial distribution of the surface reservoir varies with distance from the sun affecting the importance of each ejection mechanism on Mercury's orbital position We here present an updated version of the model. We take into account the two populations of sodium in the surface reservoir , one ambient population (physisorbed in the regolith with low binding energy) and one source population (chemisorbed coming from grain interior or from fresh dust brought to the surface and characterized by a higher binding energy). We also incorporate a better description of the solar wind sputtering variation with solar conditions. The results of a large number of simulations of the sodium exosphere are compared with the measured annual cycle of Mercury sodium emission brightness. These measurements were obtained from the published data by Potter et al. (2007) as well as from our own data obtained during the last two years using THEMIS solar telescope. These data show that: the annual cycle in the emission brightness is roughly the same from one year to another; there are significant discrepancies ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT3 between what would be observed if the exospheric content were constant; and t the annual cycle of Mercury's sodium exosphere strongly depends on its position in its orbit so that there are seasons in Mercury's exosphere.Based on these comparisons we derived the principal signatures for each ejection mechanism during a Mercury year and show that none of the ejection mechanisms dominates over the whole year. Rather, particular features of the annual cycle of the sodium intensity appear to be induced by one, temporarily dominant, ejection mechanism. Based on this analysis, we are able to roughly explain the annual cycle of Mercury's exospheric sodium emission brightness.We also derive a set of parameters defining those ejection mechanisms which best reproduce this cycle. For our best case, Mercury's exosphere content varies from ~1.6±0.1×10 28 Na atoms at TAA=140° and 70° respectively to ~4.5±0.3×10 28 Na atoms at TAA=180° and 0°. In addition, Mercury's exospheric surface reservoir contains ~1×10 31 Na atoms at TAA=300° and at TAA=170° with up to three times more so...

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Ii-2 Ejection Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury exosphere I. Global circulation model of its sodium component

Leblanc

Johnson

2010

Icarus

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“…Different mechanisms and source processes have been proposed as possible sources of the sodium and potassium (Hunten & Sprague 1997;Killen & IP 1999), including sputtering by the solar wind, photon-stimulated desorption (Madey et al 1998;Mendillo et al 1999;Yakshinskiy & Madey 2004), thermal desorption (Yakshinskiy & Madey 2000), and micrometeoritic impacts (Cintala 1992;Mendillo & Baumgardner 1995;Cremonese & Verani 1997;Verani et al 1998;Smith et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micrometeoroids flux on the Moon

Cremonese

Borin

Lucchetti

et al. 2013

A&A

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Context. The Moon has a tenuous exosphere consisting of atoms that are ejected from the surface by energetic processes, including hypervelocity micrometeoritic impacts, photon-stimulated desorption by UV radiation, and ion sputtering. Aims. We calculate the vapor and neutral Na production rates on the Moon caused by impacts of meteoroids in the radius range of 5−100 μm. We considered a previously published dynamical model to compute the flux of meteoroids at the heliocentric distance of the Moon. Methods. The orbital evolution of dust particles of different sizes is computed with an N-body numerical code. It includes the effects of Poynting-Robertson drag, solar wind drag, and planetary perturbations. The vapor production rate and the number of neutral atoms released in the exosphere of the Moon are computed with a well-established formulation. Results. The result shows that the neutral Na production rate computed following our model is higher than previous estimates. This difference can be due to the dynamical evolution model that we used to compute the flux and also to the mean velocity, which is 15.3 km s −1 instead of 12.75 km s −1 as reported in literature. Conclusions. Until now, the micrometeoritic impacts have been considered a negligible source for the release of neutral sodium atoms into the exosphere compared to other mechanisms, but according to our calculations, the contribution may be 8% of the photostimulated desorption at the subsolar point, becoming similar in the dawn and dusk regions and dominant on the night side.

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“…12. LIAD from quartz clearly increased at higher temperature; monotonic increases in the LIAD rate were observed from various surfaces [36]. In contrast, LIAD from Pyrex increased up to about 400 K, then became flat, and finally decreased.…”

Section: Light-induced Atom Desorptionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…We can also see that the decay rate in the first "rapid decay phase" depends on the light intensity, but the decay rate in the following relaxed decay phase is almost independent. The light intensity independence of the decay rate in the relaxed decay phase implies the existence of second processes that are independent of light, such as atomic diffusion in the substrates [36].…”

Section: Light-induced Atom Desorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-induced atom desorption from glass surfaces characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Kumagai

Hatakeyama

2016

Appl. Phys. B

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the first approximation, but they actually have some interactions with each other and also with the inner surface of the cell walls, which are often made of glass. Specifically, the atom-surface interactions cause undesired effects that cannot be easily understood and controlled, such as broadening and frequency shifts of resonance lines [3,4]. There have been many studies to understand surface-related phenomena in alkali metal vapor cells, such as anti-spinrelaxation coatings [5], surface modification to cause conductivity of cells [6] and stray electric fields [7], testing of several different surface materials for laser traps [8], direct measurements of adsorption/desorption dynamics [9], and measurement of passivation of a surface with alkali metal atoms, called "curing" [10]. However, there have mostly been only indirect studies of surfaces via atoms in the gas phase. Direct characterization of surfaces using standard surface science techniques has been very limited for atomic physics purposes [11].The same is true for studies of light-induced atom desorption [12]. This phenomenon has attracted particular attention in laser cooling and trapping experiments using ultrahigh vacuum cells, into which atoms can be loaded quickly on demand from the surface by LIAD techniques [13,14]. However, most LIAD studies [13,[15][16][17][18][19] focused only on desorbed atoms, and lack of basic knowledge of the surface itself leads to a poor understanding of desorption mechanisms and also some contradictory practical information. For example, one group reported that LIAD from quartz glass is not effective [20], but another loaded a magneto-optical trap in a quartz cell by LIAD [16].Following our previous study [21], we introduce surface analysis for glass surfaces, for which LIAD measurements were then carried out by focusing on differences between vitreous silica (synthetic quartz) and commercial borosilicate glass (Pyrex), which are the most commonly used Abstract We analyzed the surfaces of vitreous silica (quartz) and borosilicate glass (Pyrex) substrates exposed to rubidium (Rb) vapor by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to understand the surface conditions of alkali metal vapor cells. XPS spectra indicated that Rb atoms adopted different bonding states in quartz and Pyrex. Furthermore, Rb atoms in quartz remained in the near-surface region, while they diffused into the bulk in Pyrex. For these characterized surfaces, we measured light-induced atom desorption (LIAD) of Rb atoms. Clear differences in time evolution, photon energy dependence, and substrate temperature dependence were found; the decay of LIAD by continuous ultraviolet irradiation for quartz was faster than that for Pyrex, a monotonic increase in LIAD with increasing photon energy from 1.8 to 4.3 eV was more prominent for quartz, and LIAD from quartz was more efficient at higher temperatures in the range from 300 to 580 K, while that from Pyrex was almost independent of temperature.

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Photon-stimulated desorption of Na from a lunar sample: temperature-dependent effects

Cited by 64 publications

References 41 publications

Mercury exosphere I. Global circulation model of its sodium component

Mercury exosphere I. Global circulation model of its sodium component

Micrometeoroids flux on the Moon

Light-induced atom desorption from glass surfaces characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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