Photon trapping in ruby and lanthanide-doped materials: Recollections and revival

Auzel, F.; Baldacchini, G.

doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2006.08.021

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The residuals from the double-exponential fit, however, are satisfactory. This double-exponential behavior is well-understood, − although we have not found it mentioned in the previous pedagogical literature. It appears because of radiation trapping : some photons emitted from within the crystal do not immediately escape to the detector but can be absorbed by other ions in the crystal and then reradiated.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The synthetic ruby arrived polished and faceted; it was roughened with a rotary tool to reduce multiple reflections that might exit the sample and cause stray beams. Ruby characteristics, including emission lifetimes, can vary from sample to sample depending on the Cr 3+ ion concentration. − Well-characterized samples with low Cr 3+ concentrations are available from laser rod vendors.…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Low-Cost Time-Resolved Spectrometer for the Study of Ruby Emission

2017

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A low-cost time-resolved emission spectrometer optimized for ruby emission is presented. The use of a Class II diode laser module as the excitation source reduces costs and hazards. The design presented here can facilitate the inclusion of time-resolved emission spectroscopy with laser excitation sources in the undergraduate laboratory curriculum. The ruby decay data show evidence of radiation trapping, an interesting optical phenomenon discussed in the research literature.

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Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Cost Time-Resolved Spectrometer for the Study of Ruby Emission

2017

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“…[ 60,61 ] The decay constants τ were longer than that of the (La,Tb,Ce)PO 4 powder (≈3.2 ms) and the typical τ values of Tb 3+ ‐based oxide phosphors (

≲

3.5 ms). [ 62 ] This phenomenon may be attributed to “photon self‐trapping,” [ 63,64 ] originating from the partial reabsorption of emitted photons or excitation migration over Tb 3+ ions. Despite the large variation in IQE (≈0.4–1), τ was nearly independent of z P / z RE .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Transfer and Quenching in Sol–Gel‐Derived Silica Glass Green Phosphors Doped with Tb³⁺ and Ce³⁺ Ions: Distinct Difference between P‐ and Al‐Codoped Glasses

Kajihara

Nakagawa

Iwasaki

2021

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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The (Tb,Ce)−P‐codoped silica glasses containing (Tb,Ce)PO4 nanocrystals (silica−(Tb,Ce)PO4 glass‐ceramics) and (Tb,Ce)−Al‐codoped silica glasses are prepared by a cosolvent‐free sol−gel method. They emit bright green photoluminescence (PL) attributed to the 5D4 → 7F j (j = 1 − 6) transition of Tb3+ ions under excitation at 290 nm into the 4f−5d transition of Ce3+ ions. The (Tb,Ce)−P‐codoped silica glass prepared at the P to rare‐earth (RE) molar ratio of 2 exhibits the internal and external PL quantum efficiencies of ≈0.99 and ≈0.95, respectively, and realizes negligible concentration quenching in (Tb,Ce)PO4 nanocrystals with photoactive RE concentration as high as ≈1.5 × 1022 cm−3. Rapid energy migration over Tb3+ ions in these nanocrystals is confirmed by almost complete PL quenching by the intentional dilute doping of quenching centers (Nd3+ ions). The PL quantum efficiencies are much lower in the (Tb,Ce)−Al‐codoped silica glasses, in which RE ions are dispersed. However, the similar Nd3+ doping only mildly decreases the PL quantum efficiency of this type of glass. These phenomena are consistently explained by the different degree of dispersion of RE ions in the (Tb,Ce)−P‐ and (Tb,Ce)−Al‐codoped silica glasses.

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“…In CL, the narrow band at 693 nm is attributed to chromium impurity (Ghamnia et al, 2003). In Al 2 O 3 :Cr 3+ (ruby) the apparent lifetime of the R-line emission may increase from the intrinsic value of 3.8 ms up to 12 ms (Auzel & Baldacchini, 2007).…”

Section: Cr 3+ In Al 2 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Peculiarity of the Cathodoluminescence of lpha- Alumina Prepared by Calcination of Gibbsite Powder or Generated by Oxidation of a Metallic FeCrAl Alloy

Djelloul¹,

Boumaza²

2012

Cathodoluminescence

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Pure-Al 2 O 3 crystal is colorless and shows little absorption in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) range. But various impurities (Ti, Mn, Cr, and Fe) even a trace level causes apparent absorptions which are attributed to various emission centers (Jheeta et al., 2006). The colors arise from very minor amounts of impurity (<1% of the Al 3+ replaced by other cations) because the Al 2 O 3 structure apparently does not tolerate substitutions. However, www.intechopen.com Cathodoluminescence 210 these trace substitutions can cause intense colors. Ruby is red because of its Cr 3+ content. Yellow sapphire owes its color to Fe 3+. Blue sapphire derives its color from Fe 2+-Ti 4+ and Fe 2+-Fe 3+ intervalence charge transfer. Green sapphires contain a mixture of the blue and green colors. Strong well-known 2 E → 4 A 2 lines of Cr 3+ (693 nm) with a long decay time characterize their luminescence spectra. Besides that, much weaker narrow lines are present, which are connected with Cr-pairs and more complicated complexes. The Mn 4+ ion is isoelectronic with Cr 3+ , i.e., both of them have the same electronic structure of the open shell (3d 3 configuration). Thus, the spectroscopic properties of-Al 2 O 3 :Mn 4+ are similar to those of ruby (-Al 2 O 3 :Cr 3+). Octahedral Mn 4+ (3d 3) would be expected to show the R-line fluorescence characteristic of isoelectronic Cr 3+ and in approximately the same region. The dominate defects for the visible emission might be different for-alumina powders formed by heating any of the hydrates of aluminium to a sufficiently high temperature.

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Photon trapping in ruby and lanthanide-doped materials: Recollections and revival

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

A Low-Cost Time-Resolved Spectrometer for the Study of Ruby Emission

A Low-Cost Time-Resolved Spectrometer for the Study of Ruby Emission

Energy Transfer and Quenching in Sol–Gel‐Derived Silica Glass Green Phosphors Doped with Tb³⁺ and Ce³⁺ Ions: Distinct Difference between P‐ and Al‐Codoped Glasses

Peculiarity of the Cathodoluminescence of lpha- Alumina Prepared by Calcination of Gibbsite Powder or Generated by Oxidation of a Metallic FeCrAl Alloy

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Photon trapping in ruby and lanthanide-doped materials: Recollections and revival

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

A Low-Cost Time-Resolved Spectrometer for the Study of Ruby Emission

A Low-Cost Time-Resolved Spectrometer for the Study of Ruby Emission

Energy Transfer and Quenching in Sol–Gel‐Derived Silica Glass Green Phosphors Doped with Tb3+ and Ce3+ Ions: Distinct Difference between P‐ and Al‐Codoped Glasses

Peculiarity of the Cathodoluminescence of lpha- Alumina Prepared by Calcination of Gibbsite Powder or Generated by Oxidation of a Metallic FeCrAl Alloy

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Energy Transfer and Quenching in Sol–Gel‐Derived Silica Glass Green Phosphors Doped with Tb³⁺ and Ce³⁺ Ions: Distinct Difference between P‐ and Al‐Codoped Glasses