Photoneutron-induced damage reduction for cardiac implantable electronic devices using neutron-shielding sheets in high-energy X-ray radiotherapy: A phantom study

Kakino, Ryo; Nakamura, Mitsuhiro; Hu, Naonori; Iramina, Hiraku; Tanaka, Hiroki; Sakurai, Yoshinori; Mizowaki, Takashi

doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.07.036

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Shielding of neutrons can also reduce this risk, as shown by Kakino et al [18]. However, this study focused on X-ray therapy (photoneutrons), in which the energy of the generated neutrons was much lower (up to ~1 MeV) than that in CIRT (up to ~100 MeV).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Neutrons are considered the primary source of soft errors, especially at energies above 10 MeV [15,17,18]. However, previous studies have reported non-negligible contributions from thermal neutrons [1,17,19].…”

Section: Classification Of Secondary Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the development of space exploration and automated driving, studies on soft errors have increased. Iwashita et al measured the cross-section of soft errors for 10–800 MeV neutrons using field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) [15] , [18] . Currently, neutrons originating from cosmic rays are considered a source of naturally occurring soft errors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Contribution of Secondary Particles Following Carbon Ion Radiotherapy to Soft Errors in CIEDs

Kawakami,

Sakai,

Masuda

et al. 2024

IEEE Open J. Eng. Med. Biol.

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Introduction: While carbon ion radiotherapy is highly effective in cancer treatment, it has a high risk of causing soft error, which leads to malfunctions in cardiac implantable electrical devices (CIEDs). To predict the risk of malfunction prior to treatment, it is necessary to measure the reaction cross-sections and contributions to the soft error of secondary particles generated during treatments. Methods: A field-programmable gate array was used instead of CIEDs to measure soft errors by varying the energy spectrum of secondary particles. Results and discussion: The reaction cross-sections measured for each secondary particle were 3.0 × 10 −9 , 2.0 × 10 −9 , 1.3 × 10 −8 , and 1.5 × 10 −8 [cm 2 /Mb] for thermal neutrons, intermediate-energy neutrons, high-energy neutrons above 10 MeV, and protons, respectively. The contribution of high-energy neutrons was the largest among them. Our study indicates that to reduce the risk of soft errors, secure distance and appropriate irradiation directions are necessary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Classification Of Secondary Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Contribution of Secondary Particles Following Carbon Ion Radiotherapy to Soft Errors in CIEDs

Kawakami,

Sakai,

Masuda

et al. 2024

IEEE Open J. Eng. Med. Biol.

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“…Applying the necessary protection when the oncology team decides on the course of treatment is a routine practice in radiation therapy. However, few innovative practices have been suggested 25 , 26 for cases in which photoneutron dose assessment is fully conducted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MCNPX Estimation of Photoneutron Dose to Eye Voxel Anthropomorphic Phantom From 18 MV Linear Accelerator

Alghamdi

2023

Dose-Response

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The dose due to photoneutron contamination outside the field of irradiation can be significant when using high-energy linear accelerators. The eye is a radiation-sensitive organ, and this risk increases when high linear energy transfer neutron radiation is involved. This study aimed to provide a fast method to estimate photoneutron dose to the eye during radiotherapy. A typical high-energy linear accelerator operating at 18 MV was simulated using the Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code System extended version (MCNPX 2.5.0). The latest International Atomic Energy Agency photonuclear data library release was integrated into the code, accounting for the most known elements and isotopes used in typical linear accelerator construction. The photoneutron flux from a 5 × 5 cm2 field size was scored at the treatment table plane and used as a new source for estimating the absorbed dose in a high-resolution eye voxel anthropomorphic phantom. In addition, common shielding media were tested to reduce the photoneutron dose to the eye using common shielding materials. Introducing a 2 cm thickness of common neutron shielding medium reduced the total dose received in the eye voxel anthropomorphic phantom by 54%. In conclusion, individualized treatment based on photoneutron dose assessment is essential to better estimate the secondary dose inside or outside the field of irradiation.

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“…The protective effect of radiation-shielding sheets reduces the intensity and dose of incident energy [ 23 ]. As shown in Equation (1), the radiation energy transmitted through the shielding sheet can be expressed as a product of the incident radiation fluence and dose function R (

) [ 24 ]. The radiation fluence is included owing to the interaction with the material when radiation penetrates the shielding sheet [ 25 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Particle Pencil Beam Spray-Coating Method for High-Density Polymer–Resin Composites: Evaluation of Radiation-Shielding Sheet Properties

Kim

2023

Materials

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Medical shielding suits must be lightweight and satisfy the requirements of thin films to guarantee user mobility and safety. The thin film weight is related to the density and thickness, which are associated with the particle dispersion in shielding materials. An even distribution of metal particles in a polymer can maintain the spacing among them. This paper proposes a pencil beam spray-coating method that involves spraying a constant amount of a polyethylene and tungsten mixture in a thin beam onto a nonwoven fabric at a constant speed. This technique yields higher productivity than does the electrospinning method and is expected to produce materials with better shielding performance than that of materials obtained using the calender method. The shielding performance was evaluated by manufacturing shielding sheets (thickness: 0.48–0.54 mm) using the calender and pencil beam spray-coating methods under the same conditions. The densities and performances of the sheets differed significantly. The sheet manufactured using the proposed method had an even particle dispersion and exhibited 2–4% better shielding performance than did that manufactured using the calender method. Therefore, the pencil beam spray-coating method can effectively satisfy the requirements of thin films for medical radiation-shielding materials while increasing the material flexibility.

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Photoneutron-induced damage reduction for cardiac implantable electronic devices using neutron-shielding sheets in high-energy X-ray radiotherapy: A phantom study

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

The Contribution of Secondary Particles Following Carbon Ion Radiotherapy to Soft Errors in CIEDs

The Contribution of Secondary Particles Following Carbon Ion Radiotherapy to Soft Errors in CIEDs

MCNPX Estimation of Photoneutron Dose to Eye Voxel Anthropomorphic Phantom From 18 MV Linear Accelerator

Metal Particle Pencil Beam Spray-Coating Method for High-Density Polymer–Resin Composites: Evaluation of Radiation-Shielding Sheet Properties

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