Photonic Crystal Enhanced by Metamaterial for Measuring Electric Permittivity in GHz Range

Aly, Arafa H.; Ameen, Ayman A.; Mahmoud, Mohamed; Matar, Z. S.; Al-Dossari, M.; El-Sayed, Hesham

doi:10.3390/photonics8100416

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Metamaterials are compositional periodic structures of artificially engineered units with exotic optical characteristics beyond those of natural materials [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. The electromagnetic response of the incident wave can be adjusted by rationally designing the unit structure to enhance the interaction between the detected wave and the measured substance on the surface of the metamaterial, which will be more obvious when the resonant frequency of the metamaterial is consistent with the characteristic frequency of the measured substance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dual-Band High-Sensitivity THz Metamaterial Sensor Based on Split Metal Stacking Ring

Jiang

et al. 2022

Biosensors

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Terahertz (THz)-detection technology has been proven to be an effective and rapid non-destructive detection approach in biomedicine, quality control, and safety inspection, among other applications. However, the sensitivity of such a detection method is limited due to the insufficient power of the terahertz source and the low content, or ambiguous characteristics, of the analytes to be measured. Metamaterial (MM) is an artificial structure in which periodic sub-wavelength units are arranged in a regular manner, resulting in extraordinary characteristics beyond those possessed by natural materials. It is an effective method to improve the ability of terahertz spectroscopy detection by utilizing the metamaterial as a sensor. In this paper, a dual-band, high-sensitivity THz MM sensor based on the split metal stacking ring resonator (SMSRR) is proposed. The appliance exhibited two resonances at 0.97 and 2.88 THz in the range of 0.1 to 3 THz, realizing multi-point matching between the resonance frequency and the characteristic frequency of the analytes, which was able to improve the reliability and detection sensitivity of the system. The proposed sensor has good sensing performance at both resonant frequencies and can achieve highest sensitivities of 304 GHz/RIU and 912 GHz/RIU with an appropriate thickness of the analyte. Meanwhile, the advantage of multi-point matching of the proposed sensor has been validated by distinguishing four edible oils based on their different refractive indices and demonstrating that the characteristics obtained in different resonant frequency bands are consistent. This work serves as a foundation for future research on band extension and multi-point feature matching in terahertz detection, potentially paving the way for the development of high-sensitivity THz MM sensors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dual-Band High-Sensitivity THz Metamaterial Sensor Based on Split Metal Stacking Ring

Jiang

et al. 2022

Biosensors

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“…In addition, non-magnetic split-ring resonators 5 , 6 , short-slab pairs 7 , and cascaded fishnets 8 are different designs of MM structures that have been applied in different applications. In this regard, MMs are designed in the form of a metallic fork between two metal split-ring resonators 9 . Such strategy led to the introduction of a double negative refractive index in a specific frequency band 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the permittivity of NC materials could be tuned by changing some related parameters such as the core radius of NPs, filling fractions and the host medium 34 – 38 . As a result, when these materials compared with dielectric and superconductor materials, these materials could be an excellent candidate 9 , 49 , 53 . Notably, the inclusion of dielectrics with MM may have a limited contribution towards the tunability of PBGs that could lead to a limited role of PCs in many applications through this frequency region 9 , 53 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, when these materials compared with dielectric and superconductor materials, these materials could be an excellent candidate 9 , 49 , 53 . Notably, the inclusion of dielectrics with MM may have a limited contribution towards the tunability of PBGs that could lead to a limited role of PCs in many applications through this frequency region 9 , 53 . Furthermore, the inclusion of superconductors could provide some peculiar properties for the resulting PBGs 49 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmittance properties of one-dimensional metamaterial nanocomposite photonic crystal in GHz range

Mohamed

El-Sayed

Mehaney

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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We have theoretically demonstrated and explored the transmittance characteristics of a one-dimensional binary photonic crystal composed of metamaterial (MM) and nanocomposite (NC) layers. The NC layer was designed from silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in a host material as Yttrium oxide (Y2O3). Using the transfer matrix approach (TMM), the optical properties of a one-dimensional binary periodic structure having MM and NC layers in the Giga Hertz (GHz) range were examined. The filling fractions of nanoparticles have been explored to see their effect on the effective permittivity of NC materials. Furthermore, the transmittance properties of the suggested structure were investigated at various incident angles for the transverse electric (TE) polarization. In addition to that, different parameters, such as the thickness of the MM layer, the permittivity of the host dielectric material, the filling fraction, and the thickness of the NC layer are also taken into account. We also discussed the effect of these parameters on the width of the photonic bandgap (PBG). With the optimum values of the optical parameters of NC layer, this research could open the way for better photonic crystal circuits, splitters, switches and others.

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“…These structures are constructed from two or more materials with different refractive indices arranged in a repetitive pattern. In the conventional PhC resonator structures, the structural parameters are generally optimized to obtain a desired resonating wavelength, and defect layer width is optimized to improve the sensitivity 11,12 . However, considering the gradient refractive index (GRI) distribution, an additional degree of design freedom can be attained, which further help to improve the device performance 13,14 .The graded PhC devices are designed by modulating the structural and material parameters like lattice constant, optical length, and filling factor 15 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exponentially index modulated nanophotonic resonator for high-performance sensing applications

Dash

Saini

Goyal

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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In this manuscript, a novel photonic crystal resonator (PhCR) structure having an exponentially graded refractive index profile is proposed to regulate and alter the dispersion characteristics for the first time. The structure comprises silicon material, where porosity is deliberately introduced to modulate the refractive index profile locally. The structural parameters are optimized to have a resonant wavelength of 1550 nm. Further, the impact of various parameters like incidence angle, defect layer thickness, and analyte infiltration on device performance is evaluated. Finally, the sensing capability of the proposed structure is compared with the conventional step index-based devices. The proposed structure exhibits an average sensitivity of 54.16 nm/RIU and 500.12 nm/RIU for step index and exponentially graded index structures. This exhibits the generation of a lower energy resonating mode having 825% higher sensitivity than conventional resonator structures. Moreover, the graded index structures show a 45% higher field confinement than the conventional PhCR structure.

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Photonic Crystal Enhanced by Metamaterial for Measuring Electric Permittivity in GHz Range

Cited by 27 publications

References 37 publications

A Dual-Band High-Sensitivity THz Metamaterial Sensor Based on Split Metal Stacking Ring

A Dual-Band High-Sensitivity THz Metamaterial Sensor Based on Split Metal Stacking Ring

Transmittance properties of one-dimensional metamaterial nanocomposite photonic crystal in GHz range

Exponentially index modulated nanophotonic resonator for high-performance sensing applications

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