Photonic crystal fiber (PhCF) for petrochemical sensing

Abstract

A square-core photonic crystal fiber (PhCF) has been presented for liquid (petrochemical) sensing application. The sensor performance has been studied numerically in the frequency range from 1.2 to 3.8 THz. The core hole is filled with pure petrol, kerosene, and diesel. Strut size is varied to explore the sensor’s performance and the analysis is performed in terahertz (THz) frequencies. The photonic crystal fiber sensor shows a relative sensitivity of around 97.0% and a confinement loss in the order of 10−14 at 3.7 THz. This photonic crystal fiber sensor can be fabricated using extrusion and 3D-printing technologies.

Resonant tunnelling of wave packet

“…There are ongoing research on RTDs based on heterostructure materials such as the hole-tunneling in Si 0.82 Ge 0.18 Si asymmetric double-quantum-well RTD with suppressed thermionic emission and significant resonance current studied by Shinkawa et al [9]. On the other hand, an interest is growing on the application of RTDs based on graphene nanoribbons structure [10][11][12][13]. In the reference of [10], the authors investigated a novel method of RTDs utilizing antidote-induced armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGN).…”

Highly sensitive photonic crystal fiber chemical sensor for detecting carbon disulfide and bromoform in the THz regime

“…Additionally, the effective area values obtained are 1.045 × 10 5 μm 2 for water, 1.040 × 10 5 μm 2 for acetic acid, and 1.012 × 10 5 μm 2 for glycerol at the same operating frequency. In [53] introduced a square-core photonic crystal fiber (PhCF) tailored for petrochemical sensing within the 1.2 to 3.8 THz terahertz range, then assessed through numerical analysis for performance evaluation. It underwent testing with diverse petrochemicals such as pure petrol, kerosene, and diesel to explore distinct sensing capabilities.…”