Photonic lattice-like waveguides in glass directly written by femtosecond laser for on-chip mode conversion

Wang, Yuying; Zhong, Lijin; Chen, Zhi; Tan, Dezhi; Fang, Zaijin; Yang, Yi; Sun, Shuang; Yang, Lüyun; Qiu, Jianrong

doi:10.3788/col202220.031406

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The ndings are essential for the optical engineering community since the femtosecond laser writing (FLW) method, among other things, is able to change refractive index [3], birefringence [4] and spectral properties [5] locally within optical materials. Studies have shown successful inscription gratings [6], integral optical waveguides [7], optical converters [8] and other phase elements for generating structured laser beams. A typical optical material is fused silica, soda-lime glass or other commercial solid optical silicate glasses having various compositions [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond laser inscription of polarized-sensitive volume phase grating in nanoporous glass

Yandybaeva

Andreeva

et al. 2023

Opt Quant Electron

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With the growth of laser technologies in photonics, the volume phase elements fabrication in transparent material by ultrashort laser is widely attractive. Femtosecond laser writing (FLW) step was applied for the polarized-sensitive volume phase gratings (VPGs) inscription in the nanoporous silicate matrix (NPSM).The formed VPGs with thickness L = 54 ± 0.5 μm to 77 ± 0.5 μm, and shows the diffraction e ciency 8% and 14% respectively. VPG in NPSM presents the ability to detect polarization. Different polarization angles correspond to different diffraction e ciency from 2% to 14%. Moreover, owing to the porous character of the NPSM plate, diffraction e ciency of impregnated VPG with distilled water and rhodamine 6G acetone solution were investigated. The achieved results in our experiment provides evidence to the possibility of VPG as a sensor application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond laser inscription of polarized-sensitive volume phase grating in nanoporous glass

Yandybaeva

Andreeva

et al. 2023

Opt Quant Electron

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“…Most LLWGs demonstrated so far are based on negative refractive index perturbations, which lead to confinement of the electromagnetic radiation in the waveguide's pristine core [24], [28], [29], [30]. However, recently, Wang et al demonstrated the first LLWG based on positive refractive index modifications fabricated in silica glass, where light is instead guided in-between the modification lines [31]. In order to provide a better insight into the material modification and the resulting light-guiding mechanisms, a sophisticated numerical simulation study, based on the beam propagation method (BPM, RSoft Photonic Device Tools, Synopsis), is conducted.…”

Section: Simulation Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lattice-Like Waveguides With Integrated Bragg Gratings in Planar Cyclic Olefin Copolymers

Kefer,

Pape,

Bischoff

et al. 2024

J. Lightwave Technol.

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This contribution demonstrates femtosecond laser direct writing of lattice-like waveguides in planar cyclic olefin copolymer substrates. Based on numerical simulation and experimental near-field analysis, stable single-mode waveguiding around wavelengths of 1550 nm is demonstrated. The waveguiding mechanism is based on a hexagonal array of laser-induced, positive refractive index modification lines. Thus, the lateral extension of the guided mode can be adapted by varying the fabrication parameters and, in consequence, the resulting crosssectional arrangement of the refractive index perturbations. With an optical attenuation of 2.2 dB•cm -1 around 1550 nm, the fabricated waveguides are well-suited for on-chip integrated photonic devices. Moreover, the waveguides can also be equipped with Bragg gratings to enable the application of the photonic platform as a sensing device. Depending on their length, the Bragg grating structures exhibit reflectivities of up to 99% and spectral widths down to 0.3 nm. The flexibility of the fabrication process and the sensing capabilities of the lattice-like waveguides with integrated Bragg gratings are underlined by an exemplary application study demonstrating a relative pressure sensor. For that, a photonic platform is micromilled to generate a 300 µm thick diaphragm and a reference pressure chamber. The strain introduced to the diaphragm by external pressure changes can then be quantified by the integrated photonic structures. This way, absolute pressure sensitivities of up to 38 pm•kPa -1 can be achieved in a relative pressure range from -60 to 100 kPa. The newlydeveloped lattice-like waveguides with integrated Bragg gratings are therefore well-suited for the realization of novel and adaptable photonic devices and sensors.

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“…As shown in Fig. 1b, a single scan-line with a diameter of 800 nm is used as the basic structural unit for constructing the waveguide cross-section, the spacing between adjacent scanline centers is as low as 50 nm with the help of highprecision motion control, which means that the smallest width of the RI modification unit can be controlled down to 50 nm nearly an order of magnitude lower than previously (>0.4 μm) 8,9,[14][15][16] . Furthermore, the proposed mechanism to make precise RI control by fine engineering thermal accumulation effects can be generalized to various transparent materials, including commercial available screen glasses Eagle XG (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precise mode control of laser-written waveguides for broadband, low-dispersion 3D integrated optics

Wang,

Zhong,

Lau

et al. 2024

Light Sci Appl

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Three-dimensional (3D) glass chips are promising waveguide platforms for building hybrid 3D photonic circuits due to their 3D topological capabilities, large transparent windows, and low coupling dispersion. At present, the key challenge in scaling down a benchtop optical system to a glass chip is the lack of precise methods for controlling the mode field and optical coupling of 3D waveguide circuits. Here, we propose an overlap-controlled multi-scan (OCMS) method based on laser-direct lithography that allows customizing the refractive index profile of 3D waveguides with high spatial precision in a variety of glasses. On the basis of this method, we achieve variable mode-field distribution, robust and broadband coupling, and thereby demonstrate dispersionless LP21-mode conversion of supercontinuum pulses with the largest deviation of <0.1 dB in coupling ratios on 210 nm broadband. This approach provides a route to achieve ultra-broadband and low-dispersion coupling in 3D photonic circuits, with overwhelming advantages over conventional planar waveguide-optic platforms for on-chip transmission and manipulation of ultrashort laser pulses and broadband supercontinuum.

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Photonic lattice-like waveguides in glass directly written by femtosecond laser for on-chip mode conversion

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Femtosecond laser inscription of polarized-sensitive volume phase grating in nanoporous glass

Femtosecond laser inscription of polarized-sensitive volume phase grating in nanoporous glass

Lattice-Like Waveguides With Integrated Bragg Gratings in Planar Cyclic Olefin Copolymers

Precise mode control of laser-written waveguides for broadband, low-dispersion 3D integrated optics

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