Photonic Metal‐Organic Frameworks

Abstract

focus on MOFs and hybridized MOFs for photonic applications including solid state lighting, [14][15][16] lasing, [17][18][19] nonlinear optics, [20,21] and phototherapy [22][23][24][25] has attracted a vast attention.The synthesis of MOFs requires both metal salts/clusters and organic linkers, which can be realized through conventional methods from room temperature to elevated temperatures and solvothermal conditions. In the case of solvothermal conditions, autoclaves are utilized to give extra pressure and better solubilities above boiling point of the solvent compared to refluxing at atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, mechanochemical synthesis, microwave-assisted synthesis, electrochemical synthesis, and sonochemical synthesis are also available. [26] It is noteworthy that topologies may vary when utilizing the same starting materials under different reaction conditions, which causes multiple combinations of starting materials with structural transformations and intriguing properties.Studies on MOFs for photonic applications are rapidly growing. In the field of solid state lighting materials based on MOFs, the emitting light is generated from combinations of inorganic metal nodes, organic linkers, and guest species showing enhanced stability and efficiency compared to pure inorganic or organic lighting materials. Optical and thermal stabilities are improved for micro-/nano laser devices based on MOFs compared to organic dye lasers. For phototherapy purposes, MOF-based cures need to additionally hybridize with organic polymers to be affordable in physiological environment and guest species with high photothermal conversion efficiency to enhance light absorption. As of applications for nonlinear optics based on MOFs displaying second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG), one focus is to construct non-centrosymmetric structures with appropriate coordination geometries supported by rigidly bridging organic linkers to possess second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. [27] On the contrary, THG occurs in all materials showing much weaker NLO properties than SHG. [20,28] Herein, we concentrate on the very recent progresses for photonic MOFs in the following applications: 1) white solidstate lighting; 2) lasing; 3) nonlinear optics including SHG and THG; and 4) phototherapies including photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and synergy effect. We discuss in detail the construction strategies and performances given by subcategories under each topic (Scheme 1).Materials of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in pure and hybridized forms showing photonic properties have received much attention during past years. Strategies to prepare photonic MOF-based materials are constantly used as follows: 1) designing of pure MOFs with intrinsic luminescent units such as organic linkers and/or lanthanide ions; 2) designing of hybrid MOF composites through encapsulation of extrinsic luminescent units such as organic dyes and/or inorganic nanospecies; and 3) designing of MOF-based composites ...

Recent advances in metal-organic frameworks for X-ray detection

“…In the past decade, many reviews have been presented to discuss the development of luminescent [1,10,20,21] and semiconducting MOFs [22]. However, there are few reviews on the study of X-ray detection based on MOFs.…”

Mixed-Metal and Mixed-Ligand Lanthanide Metal–Organic Frameworks Based on 2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylate: Thermally Activated Sensitization and White-Light Emission

“…Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are potentially porous crystalline hybrid organic/inorganic materials that have been in the spotlight over the past two decades due to their tunable structure, properties, and functionalization . One of the particularly attractive properties of MOFs is luminescence.…”

An ultrastable zinc-based organic framework as a recyclable luminescent probe for methylmalonic acid detection

“…Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous crystalline materials formed through the coordination between metal ions/clusters or organic ligands, featuring controllable structures, tunable pore size, abundant modifiable sites and charming topo architectures. [22][23][24] In consideration of their inherent advantages, MOF materials have been widely applied in different areas: chemical sensing, [25][26][27] photoelectrocatalysis, [28][29][30] gas separation and adsorption, 31 drug delivery, 32 nonlinear optics, 33 etc. In particular, luminescent MOF sensors have many advantages over traditional techniques, such as short response time, high sensitivity and selectivity, as well as excellent reusability.…”