Photons to Formate: A Review on Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Formic Acid

Pan, Hanqing; Heagy, Michael D.

doi:10.3390/nano10122422

Cited by 56 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Nanomaterials are structures that have at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nm [ 17 , 18 ]. Such materials have revolutionized many domains, out of which the most intensively researched are related to modern medicine, especially regarding biosensors, diagnostics, targeted drug delivery, and therapeutics [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Having such a broad spectrum of applications, nanomaterials should be synthesized as efficiently as possible in order to gain extensive market reach.…”

Section: Conventional Methods Of Nanomaterials Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials Synthesis through Microfluidic Methods: An Updated Overview

et al. 2021

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Microfluidic devices emerged due to an interdisciplinary “collision” between chemistry, physics, biology, fluid dynamics, microelectronics, and material science. Such devices can act as reaction vessels for many chemical and biological processes, reducing the occupied space, equipment costs, and reaction times while enhancing the quality of the synthesized products. Due to this series of advantages compared to classical synthesis methods, microfluidic technology managed to gather considerable scientific interest towards nanomaterials production. Thus, a new era of possibilities regarding the design and development of numerous applications within the pharmaceutical and medical fields has emerged. In this context, the present review provides a thorough comparison between conventional methods and microfluidic approaches for nanomaterials synthesis, presenting the most recent research advancements within the field.

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Section: Conventional Methods Of Nanomaterials Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials Synthesis through Microfluidic Methods: An Updated Overview

et al. 2021

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“…Optimized calcination conditions (600 • C for 20-180 min or 700 • C for 10 min) results in the preparation of anatase nanorods with large specific surface areas, high crystallinity, and the best photocatalytic performances towards methylene blue photodegradation and H 2 evolution in alcohol-water systems by modification with metallic co-catalysts (Au, Pd or Au/Pd) under UV irradiation (365 nm, 6.5 mW cm −2 ). The best sample (Pd-Au/600TiO 2 (20)) has reached H 2 generation rates of 37.2, 44.0, and 45.6 mmol g −1 h −1 in 10% vol. ethanol-water, ethylene glycol-water, and glycerol-water systems, respectively.…”

Section: One-dimension (1d) Photocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it must be realized that in the case of natural photosynthesis, there are two main reagents (i.e., water and carbon dioxide); thus, simple water splitting does not solve the problem of CO 2 excess in the atmosphere (i.e., its capture and conversion). Accordingly, more advanced systems with simultaneous CO 2 reduction (into useful fuels) and H 2 O oxidation have also been proposed that could be named as "artificial photosynthesis", without any doubt [19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology-Governed Performance of Multi-Dimensional Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Generation

et al. 2021

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In the past few decades, extensive studies have been performed to utilize the solar energy for photocatalytic water splitting; however, up to the present, the overall efficiencies reported in the literature are still unsatisfactory for commercialization. The crucial element of this challenging concept is the proper selection and design of photocatalytic material to enable significant extension of practical application perspectives. One of the important features in describing photocatalysts, although underestimated, is particle morphology. Accordingly, this review presents the advances achieved in the design of photocatalysts that are dedicated to hydrogen generation, with an emphasis on the particle morphology and its potential correlation with the overall reaction performance. The novel concept of this work—with the content presented in a clear and logical way—is based on the division into five parts according to dimensional arrangement groups of 0D, 1D, 2D, 3D, and combined systems. In this regard, it has been shown that the consideration of the discussed aspects, focusing on different types of particle morphology and their correlation with the system’s efficiency, could be a promising route for accelerating the development of photocatalytic materials oriented for solar-driven hydrogen generation. Finally, concluding remarks (additionally including the problems connected with experiments) and potential future directions of particle morphology-based design of photocatalysts for hydrogen production systems have been presented.

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“…Hydrogen is a gas at ambient conditions and must be stored under high pressure or liquefied at low temperatures. As such, growing interest has been paid towards the direct formic acid/formate (FA) electrooxidiation reaction, which can be used as a low-carbon energy vector/hydrogen carrier for exploitation in carbon-neutral fuel cycles [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. FA fuel cycles are carbon neutral because FA can be directly produced by electrochemical CO 2 reduction driven by renewable energy sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmarking Catalysts for Formic Acid/Formate Electrooxidation

et al. 2021

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Energy production and consumption without the use of fossil fuels are amongst the biggest challenges currently facing humankind and the scientific community. Huge efforts have been invested in creating technologies that enable closed carbon or carbon neutral fuel cycles, limiting CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Formic acid/formate (FA) has attracted intense interest as a liquid fuel over the last half century, giving rise to a plethora of studies on catalysts for its efficient electrocatalytic oxidation for usage in fuel cells. However, new catalysts and catalytic systems are often difficult to compare because of the variability in conditions and catalyst parameters examined. In this review, we discuss the extensive literature on FA electrooxidation using platinum, palladium and non-platinum group metal-based catalysts, the conditions typically employed in formate electrooxidation and the main electrochemical parameters for the comparison of anodic electrocatalysts to be applied in a FA fuel cell. We focused on the electrocatalytic performance in terms of onset potential and peak current density obtained during cyclic voltammetry measurements and on catalyst stability. Moreover, we handpicked a list of the most relevant examples that can be used for benchmarking and referencing future developments in the field.

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Photons to Formate: A Review on Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Formic Acid

Cited by 56 publications

References 87 publications

Nanomaterials Synthesis through Microfluidic Methods: An Updated Overview

Nanomaterials Synthesis through Microfluidic Methods: An Updated Overview

Morphology-Governed Performance of Multi-Dimensional Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Generation

Benchmarking Catalysts for Formic Acid/Formate Electrooxidation

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