Photoprocesses in benzonitrile solutions of C60 and
chloranil (CA) have been studied by complementary
techniques of nanosecond laser photolysis and Fourier transform EPR.
Direct oxidation of 3C60 by CA
is
slow (k = (2.0 ± 0.3) × 107
M-1 s-1), consistent with the high
oxidation potential of 3C60. However,
the
formation rate and yield of CA- are much increased by
addition of perylene (Pe) or tritolylamine (TTA) via
the fast reactions 3C60 + Pe →
C60 + 3Pe, followed by
3Pe + CA → Pe+ +
CA-, or 3C60 + TTA →
C60
- +
TTA+, followed by C60
- + CA
→ C60 + CA-. These reactions utilize
the broad absorption and initial high
triplet yield of C60, as well as the low oxidation
potential of 3Pe or high reduction potential of
3C60, to catalyze
efficient formation of CA- and enhance separation of
radicals. Triplet C60 also reacts with Pe by
electron
transfer, forming Pe+ and C60
-
with rate one-third that of energy transfer. However, the
CA- formed in the
Pe-catalyzed reaction is strongly spin-polarized, indicating that it is
formed primarily via the 3Pe pathway.
The extinction coefficient of C60
- at
1080 nm is measured (ε = 18 300 ± 1100 M-1
cm-1) using the TTA
reaction.