Photooxidative degradation of acrylic and methacrylic polymers

Chiantore, Oscar; Trossarelli, L.; Lazzari, Massimo

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00349-3

Cited by 240 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Because of their optical clarity, mechanical properties, adhesion and chemical stability, acrylic resins have many applications in paints, adhesives and coatings [17,18]. Radical polymerization is one of the most widely facilitated commercial processes for the synthesis of polymers with high molecular weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase transfer catalyst aided radical polymerization of n-butyl acrylate in two-phase system: a kinetic study

Murugesan

Umapathy

2016

Int J Ind Chem

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The kinetics of radical polymerization of butyl acrylate initiated by potassium peroxydisulphate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as phase transfer catalyst (PTC) was carried out under inert and unstirred conditions at constant temperature of 60 ± 2°C in ethyl acetate-water biphase media. The polymerization reactions were relatively fast in the two-phase systems with phase transfer agent whereas extremely sluggish in the system without PTC. Use of PTC accelerates the reaction effectively if the reactants located in two phase. The effects of rate of polymerization (R p ) on various experimental conditions such as different concentrations of monomer, initiator, phase transfer catalyst, temperature, and different ionic strength of the medium were explored. The order with respect to monomer, initiator and phase transfer catalyst was found to be unity. The R p is independent of ionic strength and pH of the medium. However, an increase in the polarity of solvent has slightly increased the R p value. Based on the results obtained, a plausible mechanism has been proposed for the polymerization reaction. The obtained polymer was confirmed by FT-IR analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase transfer catalyst aided radical polymerization of n-butyl acrylate in two-phase system: a kinetic study

Murugesan

Umapathy

2016

Int J Ind Chem

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“…Photoinduced damage in dye-doped polymer matrices has been studied in various systems for different applications [85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94]. Sensitized photodegradation and photooxidation of polymers can be induced by photoinitiators, in which polymer degradation or oxidation can be initiated by free radicals originating from photodegradation of sensitizers; or by photosensitizers, in which excited sensitizers transfer energy to the polymer or oxygen to initiate photodegradation or photooxidation [85].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sensitized photodegradation and photooxidation of polymers can be induced by photoinitiators, in which polymer degradation or oxidation can be initiated by free radicals originating from photodegradation of sensitizers; or by photosensitizers, in which excited sensitizers transfer energy to the polymer or oxygen to initiate photodegradation or photooxidation [85]. Studies on photooxidation or photodegradation of various sensitized polymers have been reported including sensitized PS [85][86][87][88] and sensitized PMMA [89,90]. Laser ablation of polymers can be induced with the assistance of photosensitizers using visible lasers at wavelengths of 351 nm [91], 488 nm [92], and 532 nm [93].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic studies of the mechanism of reversible photodegradation of 1-substituted aminoanthraquinone-doped polymers

Hung

Bhuyan

Schademan

et al. 2016

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The mechanism of reversible photodegradation of 1-substituted aminoanthraquinones doped into poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene is investigated. Time-dependent density functional theory is employed to predict the transition energies and corresponding oscillator strengths of the proposed reversibly-and irreversibly-damaged dye species. Ultraviolet-visible and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy are used to characterize which species are present. FTIR spectroscopy indicates that both dye and polymer undergo reversible photodegradation when irradiated with a visible laser. These findings suggest that photodegradation of 1-substituted aminoanthraquinones doped in polymers originates from interactions between dyes and photoinduced thermally-degraded polymers, and the metastable product may recover or further degrade irreversibly. INTRODUCTIONOrganic materials have a broad range of applications such as high-resolution fluorescence microscopy [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy [8][9][10][11][12], dye sensitized and polymer solar cells [13][14][15][16][17], solid state dye/organic lasers [18][19][20], and organic light emitting diodes [21,22], to name a few. Photostability of organic compounds and polymers is often a requirement for applications incorporating light-matter interaction [2-4, 6, 8, 18-20, 23-30]. When a material undergoes photodegradation, its characteristic properties deteriorate over time, which is referred to as decay; the reverse change in the characteristic properties of the material is referred to as recovery. Though photodegradation is often irreversible, the recovery process has been observed from a large variety of materials, typically involving polymers and often together with dyes, with various experimental techniques when the photodegraded materials are kept in dark for a long enough time, typically hours to days [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44].Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of disperse orange 11 (DO11) doped in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bulk sample was observed to fully recover in the dark about 40 hours after photodegradation when irradiated with a 532 nm second harmonic Nd:YAG picosecond laser [33]. This self-healing phenomenon was also observed in various anthraquinone derivatives doped in PMMA and polystyrene (PS) thin films [41,42] and DO11 doped in MMA-styrene copolymers thin films [42,45] probed with transmittance image microscopy and ASE. The photodegraded thin film samples are often observed to recover partially, which suggests there exists both reversible and irreversible photodegradation. The lack of evidence for linear dichroism during photodegradation measurements eliminates orientational hole burning as the mechanism causing reversible photodegra- [38,42,46,[50][51][52][53][54], they have failed to elucidate the underlying mechanism.Several hypotheses of the mechanism responsible for reversible photodegradation in DO11/PMMA have been proposed, including intramolecular proton transfer and ...

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“…In this frame, the impact of ultraviolet irradiation, humidity, and temperature on the painting's chromatic structure have been found to be of primary importance [8,9]. Given the increasing and varied application of paints, it is necessary to evaluate their stability against destructive factors such as sun light [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of UV on Ageing Properties of some Nail Polishes, Acrylic Emulsions and Gloss Paints

Oyedeji¹,

Busayo²

2017

ijSciences

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Photo-degradation stability of most commonly used nail polishes, acrylic paint emulsions and gloss paints have been investigated. The paints investigated in this study were nail polishes red (17), wine (23, 36 and 92), pink (26, 39 and 80). Lilaic (52), purple (16), golden (43) made by Yimei Commodities co; Ltd and acrylic emulsions 7084 (Pacific Blue), 3040 (Cream) and 9999 (Brilliant White) and gloss paints 7084, 3040 and 9102G (Brilliant White) made by Fine Coat. The Dry to Touch time, weight loss of the paint film, discolouration and structural changes of the paints subjected to UV irradiation in an accelerated ageing chamber were determined at 0, 100, 150, 200 and 300 hours of UV irradiation making use of gravimetry, colorimetry and FT-IR Spectroscopy. Results show Dry to touch time for nail polishes to be less than 2 minutes, 30 minutes for acrylic emulsions and about 60 minutes for gloss paints. Weight loss observed was in the order Pacific blues > Brilliant white > Cream. There was no significant weight loss for the Nail polishes. Colorimetric measurements indicated the reduction in the absorption of visible light and discolouration and loss of gloss was evident in the blue paint more than others. Increase in absorbance was observed for all nail polishes with the exception of Red (17) and the application of Varnish (V 45 ) to the nail polishes inhibited discolouration. FT-IR spectroscopy showed that Pacific Blue 7084, followed by Brilliant White 9999 and Cream 3040 showed most structural changes. There was the reduction of transmission peak at 2900 cm -1 , (symmetric stretching of C-H bond), 1823 cm -1, 1731 cm -1 (C=O,) and disappearance of 1625 cm -1 (C=C) and 2925 cm -1 (C-H stretching) which was noteworthy. Similar results were obtained for the nail polish. In conclusion, the samples of the paints analyzed were not stable to UV radiation. Weight loss occurred to samples which were treated to accelerated ageing procedures hence, paints aged faster on exposure to UV radiation. Application of varnish onto the surface of nail polish inhibited discolouration and slowed down ageing. Pacific blue paints aged faster than other colours.

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Photooxidative degradation of acrylic and methacrylic polymers

Cited by 240 publications

References 21 publications

Phase transfer catalyst aided radical polymerization of n-butyl acrylate in two-phase system: a kinetic study

Phase transfer catalyst aided radical polymerization of n-butyl acrylate in two-phase system: a kinetic study

Spectroscopic studies of the mechanism of reversible photodegradation of 1-substituted aminoanthraquinone-doped polymers

Effects of UV on Ageing Properties of some Nail Polishes, Acrylic Emulsions and Gloss Paints

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