2005
DOI: 10.1038/nature03259
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Photoperiodic induction of synchronous flowering near the Equator

Abstract: In tropical rainforests, 30-65% of tree species grow at densities of less than one individual per hectare. At these low population densities, successful cross-pollination relies on synchronous flowering. In rainforests with low climatic seasonality, photoperiodic control is the only reliable mechanism for inducing synchronous flowering. This poses a problem because there is no variation in day length at the Equator. Here we propose a new mechanism of photoperiodic timekeeping based on the perception of variati… Show more

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Cited by 211 publications
(196 citation statements)
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“…Given sufficient reserves, the timing of leaf expansion may then depend upon the appropriate environmental cue, such as rainfall (Walter 1971;Lieberman 1982;Reich and Borchert 1984;Borchert 1994b), temperature (Walter 1971;Morellato et al 2000) or photoperiod Borchert et al 2005;Elliott et al 2006). Many phenological studies of seasonal tropical forests have focused on rainfall as a proximate cue for leaf flushing because of the rate-limiting threshold imposed by water availability (Reich and Borchert 1984;Borchert 1994aBorchert , 1994bBorchert , 1994c.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Given sufficient reserves, the timing of leaf expansion may then depend upon the appropriate environmental cue, such as rainfall (Walter 1971;Lieberman 1982;Reich and Borchert 1984;Borchert 1994b), temperature (Walter 1971;Morellato et al 2000) or photoperiod Borchert et al 2005;Elliott et al 2006). Many phenological studies of seasonal tropical forests have focused on rainfall as a proximate cue for leaf flushing because of the rate-limiting threshold imposed by water availability (Reich and Borchert 1984;Borchert 1994aBorchert , 1994bBorchert , 1994c.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The degree of flowering, and also fruiting, synchronization is believed to have ecological and evolutionary relevance at several scales, from intra-individual sequence of flower opening to community-and landscape-wide interspecific patterns (e.g., Frankie et al 1974, Augspurger 1983, Ollerton & Lack 1992, 1998, Bronstein 1995, Borchert et al 2005. For example, asynchronous ripening of fruits among certain species in the community has been interpreted as reflecting adaptations to reduce competition for seed dispersers and consequently to maximize plant reproduction (Wheelwright 1985).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…No México, em uma floresta decídua a maioria das espécies floresceu no início da estação chuvosa, algumas no fim da estação chuvosa e poucas no período seco (BULLOCK; SOLÍS-MAGALLANES, 1990). Em florestas tropicais secas com distribuição bimodal das chuvas é observada a distribuição bimodal da floração, e o tempo de surgimento da floração varia de ano para ano com a sazonalidade da precipitação (BORCHERT et al, 2005).…”
Section: Nogueira Fcb Et Alunclassified
“…A duração e intensidade da seca, especialmente em florestas decíduas de regiões tropicais, determinam a periodicidade das fenofases (floração, frutificação e mudança foliar), pois em baixas latitudes há pouca variação anual da temperatura e do fotoperíodo (REICH; BORCHERT, 1982;BORCHERT, 1996;BORCHERT et al, 2005). Aliadas às características intrínsecas das plantas, as variações climáticas também exercem influência sobre a periodicidade pela qual os eventos fenológicos se manifestam (FOURNIER, 1974).…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
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