Photoperiodism

Salisbury, Frank B.

doi:10.1002/9781118060773.ch3

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The acquisition of floral identity by the shoot apical meristem (SAM) implies its ‘determination’ (Blazquez et al ., 2006). By means of molecular genetics approaches, the genes involved in the switch to flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana have been identified and assigned to inductive pathways (Salisbury, 1985; Martinez‐Zapater & Somerville, 1990; Wilson et al ., 1992; Bernier et al ., 1993; Sanda & Amasino, 1996; Blazquez et al ., 1998; Sheldon et al ., 1999; Harmer et al ., 2001; Mouradov et al ., 2002; Moon et al ., 2003; Imaizumi & Kay, 2006; Sablowski, 2007). The environmental signals implicated in the induction of the reproductive transition include photoperiod, light quality and temperature; together these factors regulate the correct timing of flowering (Mouradov et al ., 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a MADS FLOWERING LOCUS C‐LIKE (MFL) sequence in Cichorium intybus: a comparative study of CiMFL and AtFLC reveals homologies and divergences in gene function

2009

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In Arabidopsis thaliana, the ability to flower is mainly related to a floral repressor, FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), which is regulated through the vernalization pathway. The genes controlling the vernalization pathway seem to be only partially conserved in dicots other than the Brassicaceae. Cichorium intybus (chicory) is a biennial species belonging to the Asteraceae family, and it shows an obligate vernalization requirement for flowering. Cichorium intybus MADS (MCM1, Agamous, Deficiens, SRF) FLC-like (CiMFL) sequences were isolated in C. intybus by RT-PCR and their expression patterns characterized during plant development and in response to vernalization. The biological function of CiMFL was analysed by complementation of A. thaliana FRIGIDA (AtFRI);flc3. Resetting of MFL expression after vernalization was analysed during microsporogenesis. Before vernalization, CiMFL is mainly expressed in the axils of young leaves. Vernalization induced CiMFL down-regulation under a long-day photoperiod but not under a short-day photoperiod. Furthermore, together with a decrease in CiMFL transcripts, cold conditions induced changes in the morphology of the shoot apical meristem and in the transition to flowering. The biological function of CiMFL was found not to be conserved. Our results show that the regulation of CiMFL expression in time and space and in relation to environmental conditions is only partially conserved with respect to FLC isolated from A. thaliana. A model for flowering repression by CiMFL is proposed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a MADS FLOWERING LOCUS C‐LIKE (MFL) sequence in Cichorium intybus: a comparative study of CiMFL and AtFLC reveals homologies and divergences in gene function

2009

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“…Similarly, the dog stays away from sticks because it knows by experience that sticks are (or can be) painful. 15 As discussed in the previous chapters, this can be taken as evidence for the fact that the dog is endowed with the capacity of generalisation, because it seems to know that sticks in general are painful. Buridan, however, seems to favour a more conservative conclusion here.…”

Section: Universal Desire and Experience (John Buridan)mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Still, it is not the only place to look. 15 Besides Albert, there was, for instance, Peter of Spain who wrote a commentary on De animalibus, a critical edition of which has been published by Francisca Navarro Sánchez. On these commentaries in particular and the discourse on animals in general see Asúa (1991Asúa ( ), (1994Asúa ( ), (1997, and (1999) as well as Resnick & Kitchell (1999), 34-42.…”

Section: The Role Of Animals In the Middle Agesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, they are only slightly superior to plants. 15 Nonetheless, they qualify as animals because, in contrast to plants, they have at least one sense and hence can engage in sensory cognition.…”

Section: Animal Souls and Sensory Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They include works on medieval anthropology and animal cognition covering a wider range of views16 as well as studies on the positions of particular authors, from Albertus Magnus,17 Roger Bacon,18 and Thomas Aqui-nas19 to Peter of John Olivi20 and John Buridan.21 This list might actually create the impression that the aforementioned gap in the scholarship does not exist. And, indeed, the growing cross-disciplinary interest in animals has generated increasing interest not only in ancient22 and early modern positions23 but also 15 See p. 2 n4. 16 Among the most substantial and comprehensive studies on medieval anthropology are .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal Rationality

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What are and Why Study Later Medieval Theories of Animal Rationality?Contemporary theories of animal rationality concern a relatively wide range of issues. They range from inferential and linguistic capacities to social and meta-cognition.1 What is common to most of them is that they are interested in process rather than behavioural rationality.2 Generally speaking, these are different ways of telling whether or not a being is rational. When we focus solely on its behaviour and say that it is rational, since, for instance, it chooses the right means to achieve a certain end (and so 'maximises utility' , as some people put it) we ascribe behavioural rationality to that being. According to this concept of rationality, almost any kind of being could count as rational in one way or another. Not only people can be rational but also institutions, machines, or genes as long as they behave in a way that qualifies as rational.3 What matters is simply whether or not a certain behaviour can be described as rational. If this is the case, then the being exhibiting this behaviour can be called rational.However, this type of rationality is much more interesting and relevant for economists, for example, than it is for psychologists. The latter are interested rather in the question whether the behaviour we observe is based on rational processes. To put it slightly differently, they wonder how a certain kind of behaviour is brought about. For instance, they examine whether a certain kind of behaviour that can be described as rational from the outside is actually based on a rational cognitive process such as reasoning. To be clear, this does not mean that psychologists or anyone else interested in process rationality work with a better or more appropriate concept of rationality than economists and people interested in behavioural rationality. They simply look at rationality from a different angle, and when they identify rationality they do this at a different level.In the Middle Ages, one can also find this distinction between behavioural and process rationality -not literally, of course, but systematically. A passage that neatly illustrates this is found in Thomas Aquinas' Summa theologiae.

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Environmental Factors Influencing the Growth of Vegetables

Rubatzky

Yamaguchi

1997

World Vegetables

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Photoperiodism

Cited by 8 publications

References 81 publications

Characterization of a MADS FLOWERING LOCUS C‐LIKE (MFL) sequence in Cichorium intybus: a comparative study of CiMFL and AtFLC reveals homologies and divergences in gene function

Characterization of a MADS FLOWERING LOCUS C‐LIKE (MFL) sequence in Cichorium intybus: a comparative study of CiMFL and AtFLC reveals homologies and divergences in gene function

Preliminary Material

Environmental Factors Influencing the Growth of Vegetables

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