Synthesis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction structures of (3,5-tBu 2 -C 6 H 3 ) 3 P, (3,5-tBu 2 -C 6 H 3 ) 3 PO·H 2 O, (3,5-tBu 2 -C 6 H 3 ) 3 PS and (3,5-tBu 2 -C 6 H 3 ) 3 PSe are reported. The structure of (3,5-tBu 2 -C 6 H 3 ) 3 P has Z′ = 4, with both M and P enantiomers of a helical conformation and a conformation with one flat ring in the same lattice. The pyramidality index, Σ{∠CPC}, is smaller for the helical compared to the flat conformers. All four have structures that are more pyramidal than the corresponding Ph 3 P(E) derivatives, which is attributed to stronger intramolecular dispersion forces. The oxide crystallizes with Z′ = 2 as a water-bridged dimer that is the most separated such dimer [a]