Photophysical Properties of Protoporphyrin IX, Pyropheophorbide-a, and Photofrin® in Different Conditions

Myrzakhmetov, Bauyrzhan; Arnoux, Philippe; Mordon, Serge; Acherar, Samir; Tsoy, Irina; Frochot, Céline

doi:10.3390/ph14020138

Cited by 56 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Use of beta-carotene proved beneficial in some patients (23,24); however, overall evidence is inadequate and results of a randomized controlled trial showed no improvement in light tolerance compared to placebo (25). Subjects with EPP require photoprotection in the UV-A and visible light regions, where the absorbance spectrum of protoporphyrin lies (26). The efficacy of commercially available sunscreens is commonly assessed in the UV-B and UV-A bandwidth; however, their protective effect against visible light is generally not significant and poorly characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present study aimed at assessing the in vitro protective efficacy of six sunscreens by calculating PPF, as previously described in the 300-450 nm region and extended to the 300-700 nm wavelengths to include different absorption peaks of protoporphyrin IX: an intense Soret band centered around 406 nm and four weaker Q bands in the visible range (26).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro Assessment of Solar Filters for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria in the Action Spectrum of Protoporphyrin IX

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Subjects with erythropoietic protoporphyria rely on broad-spectrum sunscreens with high sun protection factor, which is not informative on efficacy in the absorption spectrum of protoporphyrin IX, spanning visible radiation and peaking around 408 nm. Photoactivation of protoporphyrin IX is responsible for painful skin photosensitivity in erythropoietic protoporphyria.The authors assessed the protective efficacy of six sunscreens in vitro in the absorption spectrum of protoporphyrin IX.Method: Transmittance measurements were performed in the 300–850 nm wavelengths on samples of six photoprotective products applied to polymethyl methacrylate plates. Porphyrin protection factor was calculated in the 300–700 nm region to provide a measurement for the efficacy of each product based on the action spectrum of protoporphyrin IX.Results: Product A showed the highest porphyrin protection factor among tested products with a median value of 4.22. Product A is a sunscreen containing organic filters, titanium dioxide and synthetic iron oxides, pigmentary grade active ingredients that absorb visible radiation. Other products showed inefficient protection in the visible, with transmittance between 75 and 95% at 500 nm. The low porphyrin protection factor of inorganic filter product B was attributed to particle micronization, as declared by the manufacturer.Conclusion: Adding porphyrin protection factor to sunscreen labeling could help patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria and other photosensitivity disorders identify products tailored on their specific needs. The development of sunscreens providing protection from visible radiation and excellent cosmetical tolerability could improve the lifestyle of patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Assessment of Solar Filters for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria in the Action Spectrum of Protoporphyrin IX

et al. 2021

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“…The major emission peak was at 626 or 629 nm, which was followed by a smaller peak at 685 or 690 nm in case of 50% and pure methanol extractions, respectively. This resembles spectra of protoporphyrin IX acquired in water and pure methanol solutions [ 4 ]. Moreover, protoporphyrin IX is poorly soluble in water and was shown to aggregate at neutral pH [ 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Defects in different steps of heme synthesis in humans may lead to disorders, which are called porphyrias and are accompanied with accumulation of fluorescent porphyrin compounds (for a review see [ 3 ]). Among intermediate compounds in this pathway only protoporphyrin IX manifests bright fluorescence peaking at ~630 nm, which is excited by ~400 nm light [ 4 ]. The incorporation of Fe ion into protoporphyrin IX during heme formation leads to the loss of this fluorescence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perturbations in the Heme and Siroheme Biosynthesis Pathways Causing Accumulation of Fluorescent Free Base Porphyrins and Auxotrophy in Ogataea Yeasts

Karginov

Alexandrov

Kushnirov

et al. 2021

JoF

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The biosynthesis of cyclic tetrapyrrol chromophores such as heme, siroheme, and chlorophyll involves the formation of fluorescent porphyrin precursors or compounds, which become fluorescent after oxidation. To identify Ogataea polymorpha mutations affecting the final steps of heme or siroheme biosynthesis, we performed a search for clones with fluorescence characteristic of free base porphyrins. One of the obtained mutants was defective in the gene encoding a homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Met8 responsible for the last two steps of siroheme synthesis. Same as the originally obtained mutation, the targeted inactivation of this gene in O. polymorpha and O. parapolymorpha led to increased porphyrin fluorescence and methionine auxotrophy. These features allow the easy isolation of Met8-defective mutants and can potentially be used to construct auxotrophic strains in various yeast species. Besides MET8, this approach also identified the HEM3 gene encoding porphobilinogen deaminase, whose increased dosage led to free base porphyrin accumulation.

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“…(a) Specification of the wavelength of interest As our TPS was designed for interstitial 5-ALA PDT using 635 nm homemade light sources (ONCOTHAI, Lille, France), the simulations were performed using the optical properties at 635 nm. This wavelength, corresponding to the Q I absorption band (i.e., to the fifth most intense absorption band) of PpIX [29], promotes light penetration in biological tissues while ensuring efficient excitation of molecular oxygen to its singlet state.…”

Section: Specifications Of the "Mcxyz" Program For Interstitial 5-ala Pdtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interstitial Photodynamic Therapy for Glioblastomas: A Standardized Procedure for Clinical Use

Leroy¹,

Baert²,

Guérin³

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Glioblastomas (GBMs) are high-grade malignancies with a poor prognosis. The current standard of care for GBM is maximal surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite all these treatments, the overall survival is still limited, with a median of 15 months. For patients harboring inoperable GBM, due to the anatomical location of the tumor or poor general condition of the patient, the life expectancy is even worse. The challenge of managing GBM is therefore to improve the local control especially for non-surgical patients. Interstitial photodynamic therapy (iPDT) is a minimally invasive treatment relying on the interaction of light, a photosensitizer and oxygen. In the case of brain tumors, iPDT consists of introducing one or several optical fibers in the tumor area, without large craniotomy, to illuminate the photosensitized tumor cells. It induces necrosis and/or apoptosis of the tumor cells, and it can destruct the tumor vasculature and produces an acute inflammatory response that attracts leukocytes. Interstitial PDT has already been applied in the treatment of brain tumors with very promising results. However, no standardized procedure has emerged from previous studies. Herein, we propose a standardized and reproducible workflow for the clinical application of iPDT to GBM. This workflow, which involves intraoperative imaging, a dedicated treatment planning system (TPS) and robotic assistance for the implantation of stereotactic optical fibers, represents a key step in the deployment of iPDT for the treatment of GBM. This end-to-end procedure has been validated on a phantom in real operating room conditions. The thorough description of a fully integrated iPDT workflow is an essential step forward to a clinical trial to evaluate iPDT in the treatment of GBM.

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Photophysical Properties of Protoporphyrin IX, Pyropheophorbide-a, and Photofrin® in Different Conditions

Cited by 56 publications

References 52 publications

In vitro Assessment of Solar Filters for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria in the Action Spectrum of Protoporphyrin IX

In vitro Assessment of Solar Filters for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria in the Action Spectrum of Protoporphyrin IX

Perturbations in the Heme and Siroheme Biosynthesis Pathways Causing Accumulation of Fluorescent Free Base Porphyrins and Auxotrophy in Ogataea Yeasts

Interstitial Photodynamic Therapy for Glioblastomas: A Standardized Procedure for Clinical Use

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