Photophysics of the Lactone Form of Rhodamine 101

Karpiuk, Jerzy; Grabowski, Zbigniew R.; Schryver, F. C. De

doi:10.1021/j100064a001

Cited by 73 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The energy of the S 1 state in aminophthalides (i.e., of the 1 CT A state in a CVL-like structure) can be easily changed by modifying the substituent pattern at the amino nitrogen; taking 6-DMAPd as a reference, it is higher in 6-methylamino-and 6-aminophthalide and lower in aminophthalides with the amino group linked to an aromatic moiety by saturated six-membered rings. 25 On the other hand, rigidization of CVL molecule into a spiro structure may have an effect on ionization potential of the electron donating part as suggested by the relationship between triarylmethane lactones and rhodamine lactones, 26 and can effectively modify the energy of the 1 CT B state. Guided by these considerations we synthesized and studied two structural analogues of CVL, CVLH2 and CVLB (Scheme 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuneable white fluorescence from intramolecular exciplexes

Karpiuk

Karolak

Nowacki

2010

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Crystal violet lactone (CVL) in solution displays unusually broad (FWHM > 9100 cm(-1)) dual fluorescence with the characteristics of white light. The emission combines a blue CT band from a local chromophore with an orange CT band from an intramolecular exciplex formed adiabatically at appropriate medium polarity. The fluorescence spectrum can be controlled by solvent polarity to yield tuneable emission colours in a broad range of coordinates in the CIE chromaticity diagram including the white region. We show that such dual emission is a general property of CVL-like D-A structures built on sp(3) carbon atoms. The dependence of excited state energetics on molecular structure allows the prediction of width, shape and other parameters of the dual fluorescence spectrum, and so enables the engineering and customised design of white fluorophores. The photophysics-structure relationship found for CVL and its analogues can be generalized into a novel concept of white light generation by small molecules. These D-A systems are studied as a template basis for design and development of white fluorophores.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuneable white fluorescence from intramolecular exciplexes

Karpiuk

Karolak

Nowacki

2010

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…The computed intrinsic decay lifetime was 0 ϭ4.34Ϯ0.04 ns, and this value compares favorably with the value of 4.37 ns found in the literature for the zwitterionic form of the dye. 20 This value is then used as a fixed parameter in the analysis of the concentrated media data.…”

Section: A Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular radiative transport. III. Experimental intensity decays

Nunes-Pereira

Berberan‐Santos²,

Fedorov³

et al. 1999

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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A critical experimental test of a previously developed theory of molecular radiative transport is described. It is concluded that the theory gives an accurate description of the effect of radiative transport on fluorescence observables. The numerical coefficients of the fluorescence decay are computed from a Monte Carlo integration procedure that mimics the photon trajectories inside a realistic sample cell, and is carried out only using known molecular and geometrical parameters. The predicted parameters are confronted with the experimental observables accessible in a typical single-photon timing experiment, rhodamine 101 in ethanol being the system studied. The theoretical predictions quantitatively describe the effects of concentration and excitation and emission wavelengths experimentally observed in optical dense nondiffusing media for the two most common geometric arrangements: front-face and right-angle detection. It is shown that radiative transport leads to spatially heterogeneous fluorescence kinetics, as a direct consequence of the existence of a spatial distribution function of electronic excitation inside the sample cell. The agreement between theory and experimental results is good, with the average decay times predicted within ≃3% accuracy for front-face detection.

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“…The assessment of the fraction of nonabsorbing lactone species. It has been reported that some xanthene dyes (23) have a form that does not absorb where fluorescein emits and cannot participate in FRET. Any such form of Xr would be revealed in a long lifetime of the fluorescein in the double‐labeled oligonucleotide.…”

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Spectroscopic Properties of Fluorescein and Rhodamine Dyes Attached to DNA

Delgadillo

Parkhurst²

2010

Photochem & Photobiology

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We report the spectroscopic properties of fluorescein, x-rhodamine, tetramethyl-rhodamine, attached to single strand, duplex DNA, and to the digestion products by DNAse I. The properties reported include: molar absorptivity, quantum yield, absorbance and fluorescence spectra, fluorescence lifetime, intrinsic lifetime (tau0), static quenching (S) and the Förster critical distances (R0) between fluorescein and x-rhodamine or tetramethyl-rhodamine (acceptors). These spectroscopic properties depend strongly on the local dye environment. Fluorescein was studied: (1) attached to biotin (BF), (2) BF bound to avidin; and attached to two positions in DNA. X-rhodamine and tetramethyl-rhodamine were studied as free dyes and attached at the 5'-end of DNA. We propose a general method to determine the molar absorptivity and tau0 of a dye attached to DNA based on the reaction of a biotinylated and dye-labeled oligomer with standardized avidin. The molar absorptivity of a second dye attached to a DNA duplex can be obtained by comparing spectra of doubly and singly labeled sequences. S, arising from dye-DNA interactions can then be determined. R0 for free and attached dyes showed differences from 1.1 to 4.2 A. We present evidence for the direct interaction of dyes attached to the termini of various single-stranded DNA sequences.

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Photophysics of the Lactone Form of Rhodamine 101

Cited by 73 publications

References 9 publications

Tuneable white fluorescence from intramolecular exciplexes

Tuneable white fluorescence from intramolecular exciplexes

Molecular radiative transport. III. Experimental intensity decays

Spectroscopic Properties of Fluorescein and Rhodamine Dyes Attached to DNA

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