Photopolymer Electrolytes for Sustainable, Upscalable, Safe, and Ambient‐Temperature Sodium‐Ion Secondary Batteries

Abstract

The first example of a photopolymerized electrolyte for a sodium-ion battery is proposed herein. By means of a preparation process free of solvents, catalysts, purification steps, and separation steps, it is possible to obtain a three-dimensional polymeric network capable of efficient sodium-ion transport. The thermal properties of the resulting solid electrolyte separator, characterized by means of thermogravimetric and calorimetric techniques, are excellent for use in sustainable energy systems conceived for safe large-scale grid storage. The photopolymerized electrolyte shows a wide electrochemical stability window up to 4.8 V versus Na/Na(+) along with the highest ionic conductivity (5.1 mS cm(-1) at 20 °C) obtained in the field of Na-ion polymer batteries so far and stable long-term constant-current charge/discharge cycling. Moreover, the polymeric networks are also demonstrated for the in situ fabrication of electrode/electrolyte composites with excellent interfacial properties, which are ideal for all-solid-state, safe, and easily upscalable device assembly.

Electrolytes and Interphases in Sodium‐Based Rechargeable Batteries: Recent Advances and Perspectives

“…This topic has been extensively explored for lithium batteries. [ 189 ] In SIBs, several polymers have been investigated for the realization of GPEs, including polyethylene oxide (PEO), [ 190–193 ] perfluorinated sulfonic membranes (NAFION type), [ 194–196 ] polyacrylonitrile (PAN), [ 197,198 ] poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), [ 199–201 ] and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). [ 202–210 ] The mixture of PEO with short‐chain length glyme leads to a homogeneous gel polymer electrolyte with highly isotropic properties.…”

Sodium Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide/Poly(ethylene oxide) Polymer Electrolytes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…[8][9][10][11][12] Thus, there has been plenty of revealing research into LIBs. [13][14][15] Compared with LIBs, research of SPEs in SIBs is at av ery early stage, even though they startedi nt he same period, [16][17][18][19][20] and experimental SPE/SIB batteriesu sually consisto fN as alts and ap olymer matrix [mostly poly(ethylene oxide), PEO]. [21,22] The ionicc onductivities of the chosen Na salt and PEO-based SPEs are comparablew ith the analogous Li salts in LIBs, which are usually around 10 À7 -10 À8 Scm À1 at room temperature and reach approximately 10 À3 Scm À1 above 60 8C( meltingp oint of PEO).…”

Caesium for Perovskite Solar Cells: An Overview

“…Enhanced optical absorption, long carrier diffusion length and high carrier mobility of perovskite materials can also be exploited in other applications than standard solar cells. Moreover, the integration of PSCs with energy storage systems represent a strong research platform for future years.…”

“…[222][223][224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231] Caesium-Doped Perovskites in Emerging Technologies Enhanced optical absorption, long carrierd iffusion length and high carrierm obility of perovskite materials can also be exploitedi no ther applications than standard solar cells. Moreover,t he integration of PSCs with energy storages ystems [232][233][234][235][236][237][238][239][240] represent as trong research platform for future years.…”