Photopolymerization mechanisms. I. Dye-triplet reactions with p-substituted benzenesulfinate ions

Margerum, J. D.; Lackner, A. M.; Little, M. J.; Petrusis, Cunegunda T.

doi:10.1021/j100689a006

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Analytical methods based on photochemical reactions have been recently reviewed ( 2 ) . The theories of photochemical and Present address, Medical Laboratory Associates, 1025 S. 1 related processes which an excited state molecule can undergo have been developed in detail (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Intensely colored dyes are used as the photoactive reagent for the present work.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dye-sensitized continuous photochemical analysis. Identification and relative importance of key experimental parameters

White¹,

Fitzgerald²

1975

Anal. Chem.

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Important operating conditions for a new analytical technique, based on dye-sensitized reactions carried out in flowing streams, are evaluated. The photoredox reaction used is a form of triplet energy transfer wherein a colored organic dye absorbs light to generate the excited state triplet, which then abstracts electrons from a suitable substrate. The products of the reaction are colorless reduced dye and substrate oxidation products; spectrophotometric measurement of dye photobleaching is employed. The rate and stoichiometry of photoredox reactions are dramatically affected by the structures of dye and substrate used, dissolved oxygen, and reaction pH. Other important parameters, largely associated with the apparatus used, are dyecarrier flow rate, photolysis source power, and reaction temperature. Data for DCPA measurements, using Methylene Blue and Rose Bengal, are reported for the model substrates ascorbic acid, epinephrine, nicotine, and caffeine. Appropriate operating conditions yield low micromolar limits-of-detection and 1 YO precision.

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confidence: 99%

“…There exists an extensive literature detailing similar dye-sensitized reactions (6,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15); most experiments were carried out batchwise in Warburg apparatus. Nevertheless, this literature provides a base for development of new analytical methods employing dye-sensitized photochemical reactions carried out in flowing streams.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dye-sensitized continuous photochemical analysis. Identification and relative importance of key experimental parameters

White¹,

Fitzgerald²

1975

Anal. Chem.

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“…Die Offnung von 5-und 6-Ringen erfolgt immer wesentlich langsamer als die Abdissoziation eines entsprechenden einzahnigen Liganden. Die Ursache dafur durfte darin liegen, dal3 bei der Ringoffnung die Bindungswinkel etwas aufgespreizt werden mussen, wofur zusatzlich Energie geleistet werden mu13 [30]. Da die untersuchten 6-Ringe sicher nicht planar gebaut sind, sondern ahnlich wie beim Cyclohexan wahrscheinlich in der Wannenform und der Sesselform vorliegen konnen, erhoht sich die Flexibilitat der 6-Ringe gegenuber den wesentlich starreren 5-Ringen.…”

Section: Ni-l-hydroxy-glutaratunclassified

Über die Kinetik der Dissoziation und Bildung von Ni‐Chelat‐Komplexen verschiedener zweizähniger Liganden (Hydroxycarboxylaten, Aminocarboxylaten, Dicarboxylaten)

Hoffmann

1969

Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem

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Die experimentell ermittelten Geschwindigkeitskonstanten für die Komplexbildung und Dissoziation zwischen Ni2+‐Ionen und einer Reihe zweizähniger Liganden, bei denen wenigstens eine Haftstelle eine Carboxylatgruppe ist, werden in die spezifischen Geschwindigkeitskonstanten zerlegt, die bei der Chelatbildung zu berücksichtigen sind. Es zeigt sich, daß die größere Stabilität von 5‐Ringen gegenüber entsprechenden 6‐Ringen hauptsächlich auf der kleineren Geschwindigkeitskonstante für die Ringöfffnung beruht.

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“…Gabai et al (2001) used electropolymerization to deposit a boronic acid/acrylamide co-polymer film on gold SPR slides which were used to measure the concentration of glucose. Similarly Damos et al (2005) electropolymerized ultra-thin films of (poly)methylene blue It is likely that radicals derived from the p-toluenesulfinate radical are the active initiating species (Margerum et al, 1971). and studied them using real-time electrochemical SPR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An investigation of the mechanism of the latter system found that the triplet excited state of methylene blue was reduced by sulfinate ions and that the sulfinate-derived radicals were largely responsible for the polymerization of acrylamide, rather than semimethylene blue radicals ( Fig. 1b) (Margerum et al, 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition of functionalized polymer layers in surface plasmon resonance immunosensors by in-situ polymerization in the evanescent wave field

Chegel

Whitcombe

Turner

et al. 2009

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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Traditionally, the integration of sensing gel layers in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is achieved via "bulk" methods, such as precipitation, spin-coating or in-situ polymerization onto the total surface of the sensor chip, combined with covalent attachment of the antibody or receptor to the gel surface. This is wasteful in terms of materials as the sensing only occurs at the point of resonance interrogated by the laser. By isolating the sensing materials (antibodies, enzymes, aptamers, polymers, MIPs, etc.) to this exact spot a more efficient use of these recognition elements will be achieved. Here we present a method for the in-situ formation of polymers, using the energy of the evanescent wave field on the surface of an SPR device, specifically localized at the point of interrogation. Using the photo-initiator couple of methylene blue (sensitizing dye) and sodium p-toluenesulfinate (reducing agent) we polymerized a mixture of N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide and methacrylic acid in water at the focal point of SPR. No polymerization was seen in solution or at any other sites on the sensor surface. Varying parameters such as monomer concentration and exposure time allowed precise control over the polymer thickness (from 20-200 nm). Standard coupling with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide was used for the immobilization of protein G which was used to bind IgG in a typical biosensor format. This model system demonstrated the characteristic performance for this type of immunosensor, validating our deposition method.

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Photopolymerization mechanisms. I. Dye-triplet reactions with p-substituted benzenesulfinate ions

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

Dye-sensitized continuous photochemical analysis. Identification and relative importance of key experimental parameters

Dye-sensitized continuous photochemical analysis. Identification and relative importance of key experimental parameters

Über die Kinetik der Dissoziation und Bildung von Ni‐Chelat‐Komplexen verschiedener zweizähniger Liganden (Hydroxycarboxylaten, Aminocarboxylaten, Dicarboxylaten)

Deposition of functionalized polymer layers in surface plasmon resonance immunosensors by in-situ polymerization in the evanescent wave field

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