Photopolymerization of acrylate suspensions with visible dyes

Tomeckova, Vladislava; Norton, Steven J.; Love, Brian J.; Halloran, John W.

doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2012.10.015

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Instead, 3D magnetic microstructures were directly fabricated in a single-step process with resin B, a ferromagnetically responsive composite formulated by properly mixing magnetite particles into a photocurable polymer. The major achievement was effectively increasing the printing process resolution by minimizing both the sensitivity and the critical energy of the photopolymer mixtures to have satisfactory fabrication condition in reasonable time since higher resolution and faster polymerization process can be achieved …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SL-curing features of the photopolymers can be described with the critical energy E c and the penetration depth D p defined as the required energy dose to cross-link the resin and the length of penetration of the laser within the resin, respectively . As a result, achieving higher resolution of built objects requires minimizing the penetration depth so that thinner slices can be fabricated and stacked together while small critical energies enable fast polymerization and speed up the whole printing process. , To tailor the penetration depth and to obtain very thin polymerized layers, the laser radiation has to be confined at the surface of the reactive medium and highly absorbing resins need to be designed . To this end, UV absorber, inert dyes and inorganic particles can be added in different percentages to the basic formulations of the photopolymers. − All these additives play a key role in resin-laser interaction as they differently affect the photopolymerization process by absorbing photons, scavenging radicals or inducing scattering phenomena.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Printing of Cantilever-Type Microstructures by Stereolithography of Ferromagnetic Photopolymers

Credi

Fiorese

Tironi

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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In the present work, prototypes of polymeric cantilever-based magnetic microstructures were fabricated by means of stereolithography (SL). To this end, a UV-curable system suitable for high-resolution SL-processing was formulated by blending a bifunctional acrylic monomer with photoinitiator and visible dye whose content was tuned to tailor resin SL sensitivity. Subsequently, to confer ferromagnetic properties to the photopolymer, two different strategies were implemented. A two-step approach involved selective deposition of a metal layer on photopolymer SL-cured surfaces through an electroless plating process. On the other hand, SL-processable ferromagnetically responsive nanocomposites (FRCs) were obtained by directly loading magnetite nanoparticles within the photopolymer matrix. In order to achieve high-printing resolution, resin SL sensitivities were studied as a function of the various additives contents. Photocalorimetric analyses were also performed to investigate the photopolymer conversion efficiency upon light exposure. High-performing formulations were characterized by reduced penetration depth (<50 μm) and small critical energies thus enabling for fast printing of micrometric structures. Finally, the self-standing characteristics of the resin combined with the layered-fashion deposition typical of the 3D printing technologies were exploited for the fabrication of cantilever (CL)-based beams presented as possible magnetic sensors. As a demonstration of the feasibility of the two approaches, the magnetic beams were successfully actuated and their sensing performances in terms of static deflection vs applied magnetic field applied were qualitatively studied. Being not restricted to CL-based geometries, the combination of SL-printing with the formulation of novel smart photopolymers open the way toward the fabrication of high-customized complex 3D models integrating functional microstructures.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Cantilever-Type Microstructures by Stereolithography of Ferromagnetic Photopolymers

Credi

Fiorese

Tironi

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…This leads to the determination of Dp as the slope and Ec as the x‐intercept . Several studies have been carried out on Ec and Dp as a function of photoinitiator and photoabsorber concentrations . Overall, the same trends can be deduced: 1) Ec decreases when PI concentration increases; 2) Ec increases with photoabsorber concentration; 3) Dp decreases when photoabsorber concentration increases; and 4) Dp is not much impacted when the PI concentration varies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Photochemical Study of a Three‐Component Photocyclic Initiating System for Free Radical Photopolymerization: Implementing a Model for Digital Light Processing 3D Printing

et al. 2019

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Vat photopolymerization technologies are promising 3D printing techniques in the field of additive manufacturing, which requires high performance and affordable photoinitiating systems (PIS). In this paper, we introduce a complex PIS based on safranine as photosensitizer and two redox additives. The photocycling mechanism is explored via laser flash photolysis (LFP) and its reactivity is investigated through real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (RT-FTIR). A model which predicts with good accuracy the change in conversion with both time and light intensity is proposed. Cure depth experi-ments are conducted and the critical energy (Ec) and penetration depth (Dp) are established for the resin used. The relationship between these parameters and the corresponding RT-FTIR results was highlighted through the role of the conversion at the gel point, allowing optimization of the formulation. Finally, high resolution complex pieces are printed with the resin, whose composition was tailored in accordance with our studies, demonstrating the viability of this PIS in digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing.

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“…MYR was used to control mixture viscosity and dissolve solid components. Due to three double bonds, MYR acts as a reactive diluent which connects into polymer network …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocross‐linked polymers based on plant‐derived monomers for potential application in optical 3D printing

Lebedevaite

Ostrauskaitė

Skliutas

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Photocross linking of the resins composed of plant‐derived monomers, acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO), myrcene (MYR) and vanillin dimethacrylate (VDM) or divinylbenzene (DVB, for comparison), was performed using 2,2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone as photoinitiator. Photocross‐linking rate and properties of the crosslinked polymers depended on the resin compositions. The higher amount of MYR caused not only the better homogenization and lower viscosity of the resin but also the reduction of polymerization rate and the worse mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting polymers. The higher amount of aromatic component (VDM or DVB) improved mechanical and thermal properties of polymers. Moreover, the use of VDM instead of DVB in the system led to the higher photocross‐linking rate and higher yield of insoluble fraction. The resin composed of only plant‐derived monomers AESO/MYR/VDM, molar ratio 1:1:3, showed characteristics comparable to those of commercial petroleum‐derived photoresins and was selected as a potential renewable photoresin for application in optical 3D printing. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48708.

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Photopolymerization of acrylate suspensions with visible dyes

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

3D Printing of Cantilever-Type Microstructures by Stereolithography of Ferromagnetic Photopolymers

3D Printing of Cantilever-Type Microstructures by Stereolithography of Ferromagnetic Photopolymers

Photochemical Study of a Three‐Component Photocyclic Initiating System for Free Radical Photopolymerization: Implementing a Model for Digital Light Processing 3D Printing

Photocross‐linked polymers based on plant‐derived monomers for potential application in optical 3D printing

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