Photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate by 2,2′‐dithiodiethanol: Effect of reaction conditions

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) through the use of a novel disulphide, 2,2Ј-dithiodiethanol (DDE), was studied. This photoinitiator is of special interest because of its possible use in the synthesis of polyurethane macrophotoinitiator. The photopolymerization was carried out in the Heber multilamp photochemical reactor (COMPACT-LP-MP88) at 254 nm. The effects of reaction conditions on the polymerization of MMA were studied. It was observed that the percentage conversion and molecular weight increased with the increases of monomer concentration and reaction time. However, for the initiator to monomer molar ratio, there was a critical molar ratio for maximum conversion. The results suggested the living radical nature of the photoinitiator, which was further investigated by the preparation of block copolymer with acrylonitrile.

Novel polymeric, thio‐containing photoinitiator comprising in‐chain benzophenone and an amine coinitiator for photopolymerization

“…By absorbing light radiation of an appropriate wavelength, photoinitiator systems can produce primary radical species, which are able to initiate a monomer or prepolymer system into a linear polymer or crosslinked network. Compared with low‐molecular‐weight analogues, polymeric photoinitiators have drawn much attention recently because of several advantages, such as low odor, nontoxicity, and compatibility improvement with formulation components 4–25. Polymeric photoinitiators, which contain pendant or in‐chain chromophores, have been classified as two types: photofragmentation (type I photoinitiators) and hydrogen‐abstraction chromophores (type II photoinitiators).…”

Naphthalimide Aryl Sulfide Derivative Norrish Type I Photoinitiators with Excellent Stability to Sunlight under Near-UV LED

“…PMMA has been broadly applied as a biomaterial, including bone cements and dental materials. , However, the slow polymerization kinetics involving the conversion of MMA to PMMA at ambient temperature is a major disadvantage for in situ polymerizations . Many works have been conducted to solve this problem, such as using anionic polymerization or using a mixture of MMA/oligomeric PMMA for PMMA preparation . In this study, we investigated the photopolymerization kinetics of MMA initiated by NAS5 and NAS6, which are efficient for initiating photopolymerization of HDDA.…”

“…30 Many works have been conducted to solve this problem, such as using anionic polymerization 31 or using a mixture of MMA/ oligomeric PMMA for PMMA preparation. 32 In this study, we investigated the photopolymerization kinetics of MMA initiated by NAS5 and NAS6, which are efficient for initiating photopolymerization of HDDA. Figure 8 shows that NAS5 (0.5 wt %) is more effective than BAPO for initiating free radical polymerization of MMA under UV LED irradiation at 405 nm.…”

Controlled Photoradical Polymerization Mediated by 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-Oxyl

“…Hence, considerable attention has been paid to controlled photoradical polymerization to create macromolecules with well-defined structures. For the purpose of establishing controlled photoradical polymerization to well-control the molecular weight, new photoinitiators have been prepared; the dithiocarbamate derivatives [52,53], trithiocarbonate [54,55], dithiodiethanol [56], xanthate [57], and a benzophenone derivative [58]. The potential of photopolymerization has also been explored for thermal RAFT and ATRP polymerizations using photosensitive initiators [59][60][61][62] and a catalyst containing dithiocarbamate [63].…”