Photoprintable Gelatin-graft-Poly(trimethylene carbonate) by Stereolithography for Tissue Engineering Applications

Abstract

A new photo-processable hybrid copolymer based on gelatin-poly(trimethylene carbonate) (Gel-g-PTMCn) was elaborated and showed a promising potential as resin for stereolithography towards the fabrication of scaffold for tissue engineering. Various lengths of PTMC were grafted from gelatin using hydroxy and amino side groups of the constitutive amino acids. The characterization of resulting hybrid copolymers was fully investigated by quantitative NMR spectroscopy before rendering them photosensitive by methacrylation of the PTMC terminal groups (Gel-g-PTMCn-MA). Homogeneous composition of the photo-crosslinked hybrid polymers was demonstrated by EDX spectroscopy and electronic microscopy. By performing subsequently water absorption,contact angle measurements, and degradation study we also showed the contribution of PTMC amount on the hybrid polymer behavior. The photo-crosslinked materials immersed in water were examined by using tensile experiments and displayed a large panel of materials from hydrogel to elastomer-like. Moreover, the absence of cytotoxicity conducted following the ISO10993 assay, validated the potential of such hybrid polymers in tissue engineering. As proof-of-concept 3D porous objects were successfully fabricated using stereolithography showing the great potential of those hybrid copolymers to be used as scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Design and Synthesis of Stem Cell-Laden Keratin/Glycol Chitosan Methacrylate Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting

“…In 3D bioprinting, to meet the characteristics required by its manufacturing process, the materials used often use various biomedical materials, including synthetic polymers, natural polymers, and cells needed for printing. , This printable polymer solution, favorable for making a cell-laden construct to mimic the physiological structure, is called bioink. During or after printing it out, a suitable cross-linking mechanism is often needed to maintain the design and structure. − To develop an ideal bioink, it is necessary to address its mechanical properties, rheological properties, and biological-related characteristics in the design to cope with the desired printed cells, which is critical for the printed microorgans. − Therefore, to assess bioink feasibility, it is essential to understand the properties of the bioink before, during, and after gelation because it includes such aspects as the resolution of structure, cell viability, and shape fidelity. − For example, Jia et al showed that the properties of the bioink like the viscosity and density of alginate-based material would affect the printability, so before 3D printing, it is necessary to evaluate the suitable range of bioink properties. , …”

Efficacy Evaluation of Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Poly (Trimethylene Carbonate) Implants in the Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis

“…Therefore, selecting carrier materials for biodegradable drug delivery systems is crucial for treating chronic osteomyelitis. Poly (trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) is a polymer with excellent biocompatibility and good degradation properties, which has great potential in the fields of drug sustained release and tissue engineering (Dienel et al, 2019;Mohajeri et al, 2020;Weisgrab et al, 2020;Brossier et al, 2021). More importantly, Yang et al show that PTMC does not generate acidic degradation products during the degradation process (Yang et al, 2014;Yang et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2016;Hou et al, 2017;Hou et al, 2019;Cai et al, 2021;Hou et al, 2021) and is an ideal carrier material for biodegradable long-acting sustained-release implants (Yang et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2013).…”

Poly(trimethylene carbonate)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol) diblock copolymer micelles for hydrophobic drug delivery: The effect of hydrophilic/hydrophobic segment length on micellar properties and drug loading

“…The micelles have a diameter in the range 20-40 nm, which can be estimated from the micrographs with the scale bars. The diameter obtain from TEM is lower than from DLS, which can be attributed to the dehydration and contraction of the micelles 27.…”

“…Poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) is a biodegradable polycarbonate widely used in biomedical applications because of its good biocompatibility. [26][27][28] Compared with the classical polymers such as PLA, PLGA, PCL, PTMC has advantages of controllable mechanical property and degradation rate. 29 Besides, PTMC degrades in vivo by a surface erosion process, without the formation of acidic degradation products.…”