Photoreactions of ethanol and MTBE on metal oxide particles in the troposphere

Idriss, Hicham; Miller, Anthony P.; Seebauer, Edmund G.

doi:10.1016/s0920-5861(96)00122-8

Cited by 36 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Degradation was initiated by either • OH or Cl • generated from photolysis of alkyl nitrite or chlorine, respectively. Atmospheric photocatalyzed oxidation of MTBE on fly ash was also reported [10], and the degradation potential of MTBE by microorganisms was investigated [11,12]. Kang and Hoffmann [13] investigated oxidation of MTBE by • OH generated from sonolysis of ozone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Degradation of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) by anodic Fenton treatment

Shen

Zhang

Duttweiler

et al. 2007

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Idriss et al [10] claimed methanol as a minor product in the atmospheric photocatalyzed oxidation of MTBE on fly ash. Trace amounts of iso-butene were found in the photocatalytic transformation of TBA in oxygenated TiO 2 slurries but not in that of MTBE [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) by anodic Fenton treatment

Shen

Zhang

Duttweiler

et al. 2007

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…As a result, electron͞energy transfer may occur from the surface of the semiconductor to the adsorbate, initiating a photoreaction that otherwise could not be achieved. One of the most positive points about photoreactions is their negligible temperature dependence: the activation energy for the reactions of small organic compounds is typically Ͻ10 kJ⅐mol Ϫ1 (12). The most active photocatalytic semiconductor found in nature is TiO 2 , which is present in reasonable amounts (0.01-1 wt %) on earth as well as on stratospheric particulates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalysis and the origin of life: Synthesis of nucleoside bases from formamide on TiO ₂ (001) single surfaces

Senanayake

Idriss

2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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117

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We report the conversion of a large fraction of formamide (NH 2CHO) to high-molecular-weight compounds attributed to nucleoside bases on the surface of a TiO 2 (001) single crystal in ultra-high vacuum conditions. If true, we present previously unreported evidence for making biologically relevant molecules from a C1 compound on any single crystal surface in high vacuum and in dry conditions. An UV light of 3.2 eV was necessary to make the reaction. This UV light excites the semiconductor surface but not directly the adsorbed formamide molecules or the reaction products. There thus is no need to use high energy in the form of photons or electrical discharge to make the carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen bonds necessary for life. Consequently, the reaction products may accumulate with time and may not be subject to decomposition by the excitation source. The formation of these molecules, by surface reaction of formamide, is proof that some minerals in the form of oxide semiconductors are active materials for making high-molecular-weight organic molecules that may have acted as precursors for biological compounds required for life in the universe.photoreaction ͉ titanium oxide ͉ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy T he origin of life is the most essential question that the human mind has probed. Explanations diverge and depend on one's individual beliefs and sociological environment. Among several theories regarding the formation of biological molecules needed for life, those considering mineral surfaces are the most appealing because of their simplicity. These minerals may act as a template providing directionality, a surface on which accumulation of molecules occurs (concentration effect), and as catalytic materials, reducing the activation energy for the formation of the reaction intermediate. These theories, originating from the work of Oparin (1), Haldane (2), and Bernal (3), have found both conceptual (4) and experimental (refs. 5-8, among others) interest over the years. Although both the earth and intergalactic particles contain semiconductor oxides that may be activated by the presence of light, very few studies have addressed their activity (see ref. 9, where the photoreaction in the liquid phase of formamide was studied in presence of titanium dioxide, and references therein), and none have been performed as a solidgas system and͞or on well-defined atomically clean surfaces in ultra-high vacuum conditions. Some work has focused on direct activation with strong UV light (Ϸ7-8 eV; 1 eV ϭ 1.602 ϫ 10 Ϫ19 J) of C1 organic compounds deposited on ice to make amino acids (10, 11), but over time this same light (because of its high energy) will decompose the reaction products. However, light of the order of 3 eV does not decompose organic compounds, but is absorbed by wide band-gap oxide semiconductors such as TiO 2 . As a result, electron͞energy transfer may occur from the surface of the semiconductor to the adsorbate, initiating a photoreaction that otherwise could not be achieved. One of the most positive points...

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“…The heterogeneous photooxidation of MTBE adsorbed onto aerosols leads to the production of formaldehyde and acetone (Idriss and Seebauer, 1996;Idriss et al, 1997). Both the acetates and the formates are expected to undergo hydrolysis in wet aerosols and in precipitation to form tertiary-butyl alcohol.…”

Section: Branched Chain Ether Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol Absorption and Scattering Measurements: Field Measuremnets and Laboratory Characterizations.

Marley¹,

Gaffney²

2011

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A suite of instrumentation was deployed in MAX-Mex at site TO, located in the northern part of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, (MCMA), for the characterization of the aerosol optical properties in the field. Measurements were made of the following aerosol properties: (1) aerosol absorption as a function of wavelength, measured at two minute intervals with a 7-wavelength Aethalometer (2) aerosol scattering as a function of wavelength, measured at one minute intervals with a 3-wavelength nephelometer; 3) aerosol scattering as a function of relative humidity (RH), measured at one minute intervals with 2 single-wavelength nephelometers operated under dry (10% RH) and wet (80% RH) conditions; and 4) collection of sizefractionated aerosol samples on quartz fiber filters at 12 hour intervals (day/night) for further laboratory characterization. Aerosol filter samples were also collected at site Tl (located north of MCMA) for comparison with those collected in the city center. Preliminary results from in situ measurements have indicated an enhanced UV absorption in the afternoon over that expected from black carbon (BC) aerosols alone. These results are directly applicable to both modeling of aerosol radiative forcing and satellite optical depth retrieval algorithms. Both of these applications assume that the aerosol absorption is due only to BC with a wavelength dependence of A, " whereas results obtained in MAX-Mex show that the aerosol wavelength exponent varies over Mexico City from -0.7 to -1.5.All of the data collected in the field from the measurement sets 1-3 have been made available to the ASP community via the MILAGRO data site housed at NCAR. The laboratory characterization of aerosol samples collected in the ASP MAX-Mex field study compared results from Mexico City to samples collected at other sites, including Chicago, Little Rock, and Mt. Bachelor, OR. The project focused on obtaining complete spectral characterization of aerosolsespecially their absorption characteristics as they relate to basic chemical functional groups. Particular attention was given to organics and from biogenic derived organic compounds. This included determinations of the UV-Visible-NIR characteristics of the aerosol absorption as reported as Angstrom Absorption Exponents. Correlation of these results with IR band observations of carboxylic acid, and carboxylate groups were conducted, along with past correlations with carbon isotopic data that indicated significant enhancements of UV-Visible absorption from biogenic aerosols (both biomass burning and secondary organic aerosols). Relationships to other ASP ProjectsThis project collaborated with a number of currently funded ASP projects including research being conducted by Dr. W. Patrick Arnott at the University of Nevada, Reno. Dr. Arnott made use of photoacoustic spectroscopy and light scattering at one or two wavelengths to determine SSA of the aerosol. Comparison of the aethalometer data as well as MAAP instrumentation yielded good to excellent agreement between the instruments...

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Photoreactions of ethanol and MTBE on metal oxide particles in the troposphere

Cited by 36 publications

References 30 publications

Degradation of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) by anodic Fenton treatment

Degradation of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) by anodic Fenton treatment

Photocatalysis and the origin of life: Synthesis of nucleoside bases from formamide on TiO ₂ (001) single surfaces

Aerosol Absorption and Scattering Measurements: Field Measuremnets and Laboratory Characterizations.

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Photoreactions of ethanol and MTBE on metal oxide particles in the troposphere

Cited by 36 publications

References 30 publications

Degradation of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) by anodic Fenton treatment

Degradation of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) by anodic Fenton treatment

Photocatalysis and the origin of life: Synthesis of nucleoside bases from formamide on TiO 2 (001) single surfaces

Aerosol Absorption and Scattering Measurements: Field Measuremnets and Laboratory Characterizations.

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Product

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Photocatalysis and the origin of life: Synthesis of nucleoside bases from formamide on TiO ₂ (001) single surfaces