Photoreceptor‐mediated kin recognition in plants

Abstract

SummaryAlthough cooperative interactions among kin have been established in a variety of biological systems, their occurrence in plants remains controversial.Plants of Arabidopsis thaliana were grown in rows of either a single or multiple accessions. Plants recognized kin neighbours and horizontally reoriented leaf growth, a response not observed when plants were grown with nonkin. Plant kin recognition involved the perception of the vertical red/far-red light and blue light profiles. Disruption of the light profiles, mutations at the PHYTOCHROME B, CRYPTOCHROME 1 or 2, or PHOTOTROPIN 1 or 2 photoreceptor genes or mutations at the TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS1 gene required for auxin (growth hormone) synthesis impaired the response. The leaf-position response increases plant self-shading, decreases mutual shading between neighbours and increases fitness.Light signals from neighbours are known to shape a more competitive plant body. Here we show that photosensory receptors mediate cooperative rather than competitive interactions among kin neighbours by reducing the competition for local pools of resources.

Kin recognition is a nutrient-dependent inducible phenomenon

“…However cryptochrome-mediated KR has been observed in model organisms such as A. thaliana. 13 In this study, accession identity impacted leaf-orientation and shade responses; ultimately, impacting plant growth and resource allocation.…”

“…10,[16][17][18] In Arabidopsis thaliana and many other plants KR manifests by a significant reduction in the number of observed lateral roots when samples are grown with plants of the same accession (Kin) versus different ones (Stranger). [11][12][13][14][15] Sodium orthovanadate (Na 3 VO 4 ), a generic ABC-transport inhibitor, which blocks the release and/or uptake of root exudates, eliminated the increased lateral root number observed during KR studies with different accessions of A. thaliana. 19,20 These findings underscore the importance of such low-molecular weight secondary metabolites in mediating KR (Fig.…”

“…In particular, the ability of plants to distinguish between members of the same or different accessions, the phenomenon of kin recognition (KR), has been well characterized. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Plants are generally thought to be incapable of processing complex visual or auditory cues, such as plumage or song, suggesting these sensory input channels are unavailable for KR. However cryptochrome-mediated KR has been observed in model organisms such as A. thaliana.…”

Local auxin production underlies a spatially restricted neighbor-detection response inArabidopsis

“…This heterogeneous shading led to the concept of foraging for light that is mediated by local tuning of the SAS specifically in the shaded part of the plant, thus promoting canopy gap filling (26). Examples of such local responses have been identified in several species (27,28). We decided to investigate the molecular basis of such local shade responses in Arabidopsis by studying leaf hyponasty, an early response to increasing plant density that is induced rapidly by lowering the R/FR (29).…”

Kin recognition in Setaria italica under the condition of root segregation

“…, 适合度增加 (Tonsor, 1989)。植物的这种行为可以用亲缘选择理 论来解释, 基因上相似度高的个体间可以通过相互 合作减少用于竞争的资源消耗, 从而将更多的资源 投资于繁殖并增加适合度 (Hamilton, 1964a(Hamilton, , 1964bAxelrod & Hamilton, 1981)。当植物的邻居为亲缘株 时, 亲缘选择和生态位分化可能同时起作用, 且两 者作用于同一个过程 (File et al, 2012; Chen et al, 2012;File et al, 2012;Dudley et al, 2013;李洁等, 2014)。目前, 有关植物 亲缘识别的一些研究关注邻株身份如何影响基于植 物繁殖表现的适合度 (Mohana et al, 2001;Milla et al, 2009Milla et al, , 2012Bhatt et al, 2011;Biernaskie, 2011), 另一些关注不同邻株身份对竞争性状及其生物量分 配的影响 (Dudley & File, 2007;Murphy & Dudley, 2009;Bhatt et al, 2011;Lepik et al, 2012;Dudley et al, 2013;Fang et al, 2013;Mercer & Eppley, 2014;Semchenko et al, 2014)。另 外, 地下部分竞争信号在植物身份识别过程中所扮 演的角色得到较多的关注 (Dudley & File, 2007;Murphy & Dudley, 2009;Bhatt et al, 2011;Lepik et al, 2012;Dudley et al, 2013;Fang et al, 2013;Mercer & Eppley, 2014;Semchenko et al, 2014), 少量的研究表明地上部分 竞争信号在植物身份识别过程中也扮演着一定的角 色 (Crepy & Casal, 2015) Chen et al, 2012;Bais, 2015;Crepy & Casal, 2015) ind.·m -2 , 即每小区25株, 植株间距10 cm; 低密度 为36 ind.·m -2 , 即每小区9株, 植株间距16.7 cm。 Fig. 2 Effects of neighbor identity on the morphology and biomass allocation of Setaria italica (mean ± SE).…”