Photorefractive effect and high power transmission in LiNbO
            <sub>3</sub>
            channel waveguides

Ruske, J.-P.; Zeitner, B.; Tünnermann, Andreas; Rasch, A.

doi:10.1049/el:20030703

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The experimental values are consistent with Fig. 3b and compatible with results published in the literature [32]. As for an example, a pump power of 10 mW induces a ∆n ∼ 10 −4 , close to the value of 8 • 10 −5 as found from the FPI analysis.…”

Section: Directional Couplers and Homodyne Detectionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Photorefractive effect in LiNbO₃-based integrated-optical circuits for continuous variable experiments

Mondain¹,

Brunel²,

Hua³

et al. 2020

Opt. Express

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We investigate the impact of photorefractive effect on lithium niobate integrated quantum photonic circuits dedicated to continuous variable on-chip experiments. The circuit main building blocks, i.e. cavities, directional couplers, and periodically poled nonlinear waveguides are studied. This work demonstrates that, even when the effect of photorefractivity is weaker than spatial mode hopping, they might compromise the success of on-chip quantum photonics experiments. We describe in detail the characterization methods leading to the identification of this possible issue. We also study to which extent device heating represents a viable solution to counter this effect. We focus on photorefractive effect induced by light at 775 nm, in the context of the generation of non-classical light at 1550 nm telecom wavelength.

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Section: Directional Couplers and Homodyne Detectionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…( 2) in order to infer ∆n. We assume a dependence of ∆n upon the pump power of the form ∆n = − aPp b+cPp where a, b and c are constants determined by the material [32,33]. Obtained ∆n values are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Directional Couplers and Homodyne Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photorefractive effect in LiNbO₃-based integrated-optical circuits for continuous variable experiments

Mondain¹,

Brunel²,

Hua³

et al. 2020

Opt. Express

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“…Since the hybrid mode is predominantly localized in the LN film, the effect is expected to be negligible for optical peak powers less than 10 W in theory. Although high intensity optical inputs can also result in an increase in local temperature (and an associated thermo-optic effect), the time scales of such thermal shifts is much longer compared to the modulation speeds 38 and could be compensated by the bias controller. Furthermore, the photorefractive effect of TFLN at a wavelength of 1550 nm results in refractive index changes on the order of 10 −5 , 39 which would only change ∆n by 0.005%.…”

Section: Theory and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

110 GHz, 110 mW hybrid silicon-lithium niobate Mach-Zehnder modulator

Valdez

Mere

Wang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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High bandwidth, low voltage electro-optic modulators with high optical power handling capability are important for improving the performance of analog optical communications and RF photonic links. Here we designed and fabricated a thin-film lithium niobate (LN) Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) which can handle high optical power of 110 mW, while having 3-dB bandwidth greater than 110 GHz at 1550 nm. The design does not require etching of thin-film LN, and uses hybrid optical modes formed by bonding LN to planarized silicon photonic waveguide circuits. A high optical power handling capability in the MZM was achieved by carefully tapering the underlying Si waveguide to reduce the impact of optically-generated carriers, while retaining a high modulation efficiency. The MZM has a $$V_\pi L$$ V π L product of 3.1 V.cm and an on-chip optical insertion loss of 1.8 dB.

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“…Its operation wavelength is 1064 nm, the transmitted power is in the range of 1 Watt that is extremely high for integrated devices. These devices have been realised for the first time (Ruske et al 2003a). …”

Section: Technology: Integrated Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-Infrared Fiber Imager for the VLTI

Neuhäuser¹,

Tünnermann²,

Hempel³

et al.

The Power of Optical/Ir Interferometry: Recent Scientific Results and 2nd Generation Instrumentation

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Abstract.For detection of massive close-in exo-planets around other stars, a contrast of ∼ 0.3% is sufficient and can be achieved with state-of-the-art single-mode fibers as spatial filter. For lower-mass planets, much higher accuracy is neccessary. Apart from the atmosphere, there are several sources of noise which degrade the phase stability of interferometers based on bulk optics by changes in the optical path. For direct detection of low-mass exo-planets and for direct observation of convection on giant stars, our two main science goals, as well as for secondary science goals such as lower-mass faint circumstellar disks around both nearby low-mass stars as well as more distant high-mass stars and for the direct detection of close spectroscopic binary (T Tauri) stars and to follow their orbits for direct dynamical mass determination, we need more than two apertures to fill the uv-plane, again very complicated with bulk-optics. Integrated optics allows to solve these problems and to minimize the components. We have experiences in the development and fabrication of integrated-optical circuits and modulators in various wavelength ranges, i.e. from visible to the telecommunication band, as well as integrated-optical sensor systems like interferometers. Starting from two channel interferometers for the J-band at 1.55µm based on Lithiumniobat, we will develop multichannel-interferometer systems for longer wavelengths. Such systems with new materials and fibers for the near-and thermal infrared can then be used, e.g., for 2nd Gen VLTI instrumentation.

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Photorefractive effect and high power transmission in LiNbO ₃ channel waveguides

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Photorefractive effect in LiNbO₃-based integrated-optical circuits for continuous variable experiments

Photorefractive effect in LiNbO₃-based integrated-optical circuits for continuous variable experiments

110 GHz, 110 mW hybrid silicon-lithium niobate Mach-Zehnder modulator

Near-Infrared Fiber Imager for the VLTI

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Photorefractive effect and high power transmission in LiNbO 3 channel waveguides

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Photorefractive effect in LiNbO3-based integrated-optical circuits for continuous variable experiments

Photorefractive effect in LiNbO3-based integrated-optical circuits for continuous variable experiments

110 GHz, 110 mW hybrid silicon-lithium niobate Mach-Zehnder modulator

Near-Infrared Fiber Imager for the VLTI

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Product

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Photorefractive effect and high power transmission in LiNbO ₃ channel waveguides

Photorefractive effect in LiNbO₃-based integrated-optical circuits for continuous variable experiments

Photorefractive effect in LiNbO₃-based integrated-optical circuits for continuous variable experiments