Photorefractive Keratectomy Enhancement (PRK) After Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE)

Abstract

To determine rates of enhancement and visual prognosis following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) enhancement of small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Patients and Methods: This retrospective, single-site study reviewed all cases of primary SMILE at Hoopes Vision in Draper, Utah between March 14, 2017 and April 8, 2022 to identify any cases that required follow-up enhancement. Primary SMILE was performed using Visumax 500 kHz femtosecond laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). All enhancements were performed with alcoholassisted PRK, using a WaveLight EX500 excimer laser (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX). Results: Four hundred and five eyes underwent primary SMILE, of which 15 later underwent PRK enhancement (enhancement rate of 3.7%). No significant difference in pre-SMILE data was identified between the enhancement and non-enhancement groups. The average age of those who underwent PRK enhancement was 33.8±6.3 years old and ranged from 25 to 45. Following primary SMILE, 13 eyes (87%) had an uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of 20/40 or better, and none had a UDVA of 20/20 or better. After one year of post-enhancement follow-up, all eyes had a UDVA of 20/40 or better, and 13 eyes (87%) had a UDVA of 20/20 or better (Figure 1). All were within one diopter of target spherical equivalent (SEQ), 13 (87%) were within 0.50 D, and 10 (67%) were within 0.25 D. Of those with 12-month follow-up data, none had UDVA worse than corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and none had lost lines of CDVA. Efficacy and safety indices were 1.03 and 0.99, respectively. Conclusion: Following SMILE, ophthalmologists may anticipate an enhancement rate of one to seven percent. In these cases, PRK is a safe and effective procedure for enhancement of SMILE.

Incidence and Management of Epithelial-Related Complications After SMILE

“…Reports of PRK enhancement after SMILE note an incidence of 2.7%–3.7%. 37 , 38 Patients who underwent enhancement exhibited suboptimal refractive outcomes subsequent to SMILE, characterized by residual refractive errors and an absence of UDVA of 20/20 or better. 38 The frequency of epithelial-related complications in these patients led to a lack of spontaneous improvement in visual acuity, which served as a motivating factor to pursue PRK.…”

“… 37 , 38 Patients who underwent enhancement exhibited suboptimal refractive outcomes subsequent to SMILE, characterized by residual refractive errors and an absence of UDVA of 20/20 or better. 38 The frequency of epithelial-related complications in these patients led to a lack of spontaneous improvement in visual acuity, which served as a motivating factor to pursue PRK. 5 Further studies should evaluate if patients who present with epitheliopathy-related complications after SMILE have a predilection for PRK enhancements.…”