Photorefractive performance of poly(triarylamine)‐Based polymer composites: An approach from the photoconductive properties

Tsutsumi, Naoto; Kinashi, Kenji; Masumura, Kento; Kono, Kenji

doi:10.1002/polb.23663

Cited by 30 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Typical PR quantities for different types of PR polymer composites in the literature are summarized in Table 1. 39,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] Usually, diffraction efficiencies and response times have electric field and wavelength dependencies. Furthermore, glass transition temperatures (T g ) also affect these quantities.…”

Section: Pr Phenomena and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…43 Another type of PR polymer with TPA in the main chain is a graft copolymer, consisting of a poly(triphenylamine) backbone, poly(ethyl acrylate) branches 45 and a methyl-substituted poly(triarylamine), also known as poly(bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-amine) (PTAA). 39,41,42 PTAA features large hole mobility in the range of 10 − 3 -10 −2 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . However, due to this high hole mobility, it has a large amount of dark conductivity, which easily leads to dielectric breakdown and limits the applying voltage.…”

Section: Carbazole Trimermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modification of the NLO chromophore from 7-DCST to PDCST, and altering the plasticizer from ECZ to TAA achieved a diffraction efficiency of 16% with a response time of 5 ms, resulting in a sensitivity of 43 cm 2 J −1 under an applied electric field of 45 V μm − 1 at 632.8 nm. 42 Further improvements in the response time (860 μs), the diffraction efficiency (83%) and sensitivity (437 cm 2 J − 1 ) were achieved by adding Alq 3 as a second sensitizer. 41 The added Alq 3 coordinated with the charge transfer (CT) complex between PTAA and significantly suppressed the excess photocurrent, which played a significant role in achieving high PR performances.…”

Section: Carbazole Trimermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 8 summarizes the commonly used plasticizers. In PR polymers, photoconductive plasticizers such as ECZ, 15,39,44,62,63 carbazoylethylpropionate (CzEPA), 44,52,91 TPA, 62,63 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-diphenylamine (TAA) 41,42 and (4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)methanol (TPAOH) 64 have been commonly used. Photoconductive plasticizers with long alkyl chains, such as 9-(2-ethylhexyl)carbazole (EHCz), 92 have also been used.…”

Section: Plasticizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Steady-state photocurrent is defined as j ph = σ ph E, and the internal photocurrent efficiency φ ph is written using the following equation: 41,42,78,105 …”

Section: Photoconductivity and Response Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular design of photorefractive polymers

Tsutsumi

2016

Polym J

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This review article describes the current state-of-the-art research on organic photorefractive polymer composites. A historical background on photorefractive materials is first introduced and is followed by a discussion on the opto-physical aspects and the mechanism of photorefractivity. The molecular design of photorefractive polymers and organic compounds is discussed, followed by a discussion on optical applications of the photorefractive polymers. Polymer Journal (2016) 48, 571-588; doi:10.1038/pj.2015.131; published online 27 January 2016 BACKGROUND In this report, the molecular design of organic photorefractive (PR) polymers is reviewed. Organic PR polymers are materials that possess both electro-optical and photoconductive properties. Research on photoconductive polymers, whose pioneering polymer is poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVK, PVCz), began in the 1960s. From the 1980s, research on organic nonlinear optical (NLO) materials has been widely conducted in the fields of organic electro-optics and optical nonlinearity. From the 1990s, new technology using organic photorefractivity combined with photoconductive and electro-optical properties was introduced in the field of organic semiconducting materials, 1 and organic light-emitting diodes 2-6 and organic fieldeffect transistors 7 were also debuted in this field. At the same time, the interest of researchers also turned toward the development of organic photovoltaic cells and organic solar cells. [8][9][10][11] The transport of charge carriers through photoconductive manifolds is a common phenomenon found in PR, organic light-emitting diode or organic photovoltaic materials. Thus, the development of materials in each field is expected to merge together to trigger the development of novel materials.The PR effect is a well-known phenomenon that is observed in materials in which refractive index modulation is induced by the space-charge field that results from the redistribution of positive and negative charge carriers separated through photo-excitation. 12 This phenomenon was first reported in inorganic crystals of lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) and lithium tantalate (LiTaO 3 ) and was observed through heterogeneous optically induced refractive indices in 1966. 13 Since then, the PR effect has extensively been investigated in many inorganic crystals, and theoretical approaches have been established to explain this phenomenon. 14 In 1991, 1 the first study of PR polymers reported a low diffraction efficiency of 10 −3 to 1% and a small optical gain of 0.33 cm À1 . In 1994, 15 a high diffraction efficiency of 86% (the remaining 14% was attributed to optical losses) and a large optical gain exceeding 200 cm À1 was reported in photoconductive PVK-based PR composites. Over the past two decades, many featured review articles [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] and book

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Section: Pr Phenomena and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbazole Trimermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbazole Trimermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plasticizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Steady-state photocurrent is defined as j ph = σ ph E, and the internal photocurrent efficiency φ ph is written using the following equation: 41,42,78,105 …”

Section: Photoconductivity and Response Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular design of photorefractive polymers

Tsutsumi

2016

Polym J

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Enhanced Photorefractive Performance by Controlling Ion‐Assisted Charge Injection and Accumulation with Random Biphenyl Co‐Polymerized Poly(Carbazolyl‐Amine)

Tsai,

Wang,

Wada

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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In this study, the synthesis of poly(carbazolyl‐amine)s with a random co‐polymerized biphenyl group through the Buchwald–Hartwig amination to enhance ion‐assisted space‐charge‐limited current (SCLC) and achieve efficient performance in photorefractive (PR) polymers, is reported. By modulating the polymer crystallinity, the efficient accumulation of ions near an electrode is achieved and enhanced ion‐assisted SCLC is realized, which results in a magnified electric field inside the polymers. The internal electric field is increased by the stacked charges injected from the electrode, and it is further enhanced by the washing out of ions. The polymer, blended with the electro–optical chromophore and sensitizer, exhibits a high PR sensitivity of 16.7 cm3 kJ−1 and a device stability of up to E = 80 V µm−1 at a wavelength of 633 nm, which is comparable to that of the inorganic crystals Bi12SiO20 and Sn2P2S6.

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Light Intensity Analysis of Photovoltaic Parameters for Perovskite Solar Cells

2021

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The number of publications on perovskite solar cells (PSCs) continues to grow exponentially. Although the efficiency of PSCs has exceeded 25.5%, not every research laboratory can reproduce this result or even pass the border of 20%. Unfortunately, it is not always clear which dominating mechanism is responsible for the performance drop. Here, a simple method of light intensity analysis of the JV parameters is developed, allowing an understanding of what the mechanisms are that appear in the solar cell and limit device performance. The developed method is supported by the drift‐diffusion model and is aimed at helping in the explanation of parasitic losses from the interface or bulk recombination, series resistance, or shunt resistance in the perovskite solar cell. This method can help not only point toward the dominating of bulk or interface recombination in the devices but also determine which interface is more defective. A detailed and stepwise guidance for such a type of light intensity analysis of JV parameters is provided. The proposed method and the conclusions of this study are supported by a series of case studies, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method on real examples.

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Photorefractive performance of poly(triarylamine)‐Based polymer composites: An approach from the photoconductive properties

Cited by 30 publications

References 27 publications

Molecular design of photorefractive polymers

Molecular design of photorefractive polymers

Enhanced Photorefractive Performance by Controlling Ion‐Assisted Charge Injection and Accumulation with Random Biphenyl Co‐Polymerized Poly(Carbazolyl‐Amine)

Light Intensity Analysis of Photovoltaic Parameters for Perovskite Solar Cells

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