Photorefractive Waveguides

Kip, Detlef; Wesner, M.

doi:10.1007/0-387-25192-8_10

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 154 publications

(195 reference statements)

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“…This result should be general and, thus, applicable to all types of LiNbO 3 guides. In fact, the large dispersion of optical damage data between some papers [2,8,9] might be explained, at least partially, as a consequence of the different propagation length of each experimental configuration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photorefractive optical damage (POD) is a main drawback for high power photonic devices based on LiNbO 3 crystals and waveguides [1][2][3][4][5]. The photorefractive effect consists in a light-induced refractive index change Δn arising from a cascading process that combines light-induced charge transport inside the crystal with the electro-optic effect [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It produces beam degradation during propagation and light intensity limitation effects, i.e., what is generally called POD. Thus, there has been much activity devoted to characterizing and reducing it (see, for instance, [2][3][4][5]7]). Particular attention should be paid to waveguide configurations, because the long propagation lengths and the high intensities reached increase optical damage effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particular attention should be paid to waveguide configurations, because the long propagation lengths and the high intensities reached increase optical damage effects. In fact, a large number of works are devoted to this subject, although the data from different authors often show a considerable variability and even some contradictions (see [2] and references therein). Most experiments have been performed in Ti-indiffused and protonexchanged (PE) waveguides [3,8,9] whereas the information is scarcer for ion-implanted waveguides [3,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and inhibition of photorefractive optical damage of swift heavy ion irradiation waveguides in LiNbO_3

et al. 2012

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The photorefractive effect and the corresponding optical damage thresholds of novel LiNbO 3 waveguides fabricated by swift ion irradiation have been investigated. TE-and TM-mode operation have been characterized, and the influence of the beam propagation length analyzed. Optical damage levels similar to those of proton-exchanged waveguides have been found. In order to reduce optical damage, the influence of temperature has been investigated. An increase of more than a factor of 100 in the optical damage threshold has been obtained by moderate heating up to 90°C. The results are briefly discussed under the two-center model for the photorefractive effect in undoped LiNbO 3 , and compared with data from other types of LiNbO 3 waveguides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and inhibition of photorefractive optical damage of swift heavy ion irradiation waveguides in LiNbO_3

et al. 2012

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“…On the other hand, a recent work 61 has extended the operation of the PV patterning method to waveguide substrates on LiNbO 3 , which can be fabricated by a variety of techniques. 90,91 This opens the way to fabricate micro-and nanostructures for integrated optics components such as holographic coupling devices and Bragg reflectors for waveguide lasers. A different relevant application 61 has used proton exchanged and swift heavy ion irradiation waveguides on Fe:LiNbO 3 to visualize the photorefractive optical damage along propagation of a light beam through the waveguides.…”

Section: Applications Of Pv Tweezersmentioning

confidence: 99%

LiNbO3: A photovoltaic substrate for massive parallel manipulation and patterning of nano-objects

Carrascosa

Garcı́a-Cabañes

Jubera

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Reviews

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The application of evanescent photovoltaic (PV) fields, generated by visible illumination of Fe:LiNbO 3 substrates, for parallel massive trapping and manipulation of micro-and nano-objects is critically reviewed. The technique has been often referred to as photovoltaic or photorefractive tweezers. The main advantage of the new method is that the involved electrophoretic and/or dielectrophoretic forces do not require any electrodes and large scale manipulation of nano-objects can be easily achieved using the patterning capabilities of light. The paper describes the experimental techniques for particle trapping and the main reported experimental results obtained with a variety of micro-and nano-particles (dielectric and conductive) and different illumination configurations (single beam, holographic geometry, and spatial light modulator projection). The report also pays attention to the physical basis of the method, namely, the coupling of the evanescent photorefractive fields to the dielectric response of the nano-particles. The role of a number of physical parameters such as the contrast and spatial periodicities of the illumination pattern or the particle deposition method is discussed. Moreover, the main properties of the obtained particle patterns in relation to potential applications are summarized, and first demonstrations reviewed. Finally, the PV method is discussed in comparison to other patterning strategies, such as those based on the pyroelectric response and the electric fields associated to domain poling of ferroelectric materials.

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