Photoresponsive polymer gel microvalves controlled by local light irradiation

Sugiura, Shinji; Sumaru, Kimio; Ohi, Katsuhide; Hiroki, Kazuaki; Takagi, Toshiyuki; Kanamori, Toshiyuki

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2007.06.024

Cited by 145 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Figure 3a shows the photoresponsive polymer gels generating with the same amount of monomer, and after immersion of the mould in a 0.1 mM HCl solution for two hours. [15] By simple visual inspection it was possible to observe significant differences in volume, roughness, shape and colour between the ionogels and the reference polymer gel which did not contain any ionic liquid. [dbsa] -anions have been classed as "inert" hydrophobic solvents [32], and therefore The results suggest that, as in the case of photo-responsive polymer hydrogels, [27,28] the photo-induced ionogel shrinkage proceeds through two different steps; at first, the MC-H + SP + H + photoswitching process takes place under white light irradiation, and this is rapidly followed by water expulsion from the bulk polymer from the resulting much more hydrophobic SP-ionogel.…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionogel-based light-actuated valves for controlling liquid flow in micro-fluidic manifolds

et al. 2010

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We present the fabrication, characterisation and performance of four novel ionic liquid polymer gels (ionogels) as photo-actuated valves incorporated into microfluidic manifolds. The ionogels incorporate benzospiropyran units and phosphonium based ionic liquids. Each ionogel is photo-polymerised in-situ in the channels of a poly(methyl methacrylate) micro-fluidic device, generating a manifold incorporating four different micro-valves. The valves are actuated by simply applying localised white light irradiation, meaning that no physical contact between the actuation impulse (light) and the valve structure is required. Through variation of the composition of the ionogels, each of the micro-valves can be tuned to open at different times under similar illumination conditions. Therefore, flows through the manifold can be independently controlled by a single light source. At present, the contraction process to open the channel is relatively rapid (seconds) while the recovery (expansion) process to re-close the channel is relatively slow (minutes), meaning that the valve, in its current form, is better suited for single-actuation events.

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Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, valves made using photo-responsive gels are of great interest as functional materials within micro-fluidic systems since actuation can be controlled by simple light irradiation, without physical contact, offering improvements in versatility during manifold fabrication, and control of actuation [9,[14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionogel-based light-actuated valves for controlling liquid flow in micro-fluidic manifolds

et al. 2010

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“…[1] This volume change is often reversible, returning back to the original configuration when the stimulus is removed. [2] These hydrogels are able to directly translate chemical energy into mechanical energy, without the need for any sophisticated external power other than a simple light source such as an LED, [3] or a heater, [4] making them advantageous in applications like point-of-care devices. For instance, these devices can often require smart and integrated fluid handling systems, incorporating pumps and valves, in order to support their operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modular microfluidic valve structures based on reversible thermoresponsive ionogel actuators

et al. 2014

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This paper reports for the first time the use of a crosslinked poly(Nisopropylacrylamide) ionogel encapsulating the ionic liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulphate as a thermoresponsive and modular microfluidic valve. The ionogel presents superior actuation behaviour over its equivalent hydrogel.The ionogel swelling and shrinking mechanisms and kinetics are investigated as well as the performance of the ionogel when integrated as a valve in a microfluidic device.The modular microfluidic valve demonstrates fully reversible on-off behaviour without failure for up to eight actuation cycles and a pressure resistance of 1100 mbar.

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“…The physical mechanisms for photoinduced deformation of polymer hydrogels include changes in cross-link density, intramolecular group or hydrogen transfer, dissociation processes, cis-trans isomerization, and pericyclic reaction. However, these processes are relatively slow and therefore generally not well suited for typical microfluidic actuation [117] (Fig. 18).…”

Section: Photosensitive Phsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 Independent control of multiple pSPNIPAAm gel microvalves by means of local light irradiation. From [117], Ó2007 Elsevier. Reproduced with permission critical solution temperature (LCST), the gel becomes hydrophobic, shrinks and forms pores which allow the solution to flow.…”

Section: Temperature-sensitive Phsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulus-active polymer actuators for next-generation microfluidic devices

Hilber

2016

Appl. Phys. A

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Microfluidic devices have not yet evolved into commercial off-the-shelf products. Although highly integrated microfluidic structures, also known as lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and micrototal-analysis-system (lTAS) devices, have consistently been predicted to revolutionize biomedical assays and chemical synthesis, they have not entered the market as expected. Studies have identified a lack of standardization and integration as the main obstacles to commercial breakthrough. Soft microfluidics, the utilization of a broad spectrum of soft materials (i.e., polymers) for realization of microfluidic components, will make a significant contribution to the proclaimed growth of the LOC market. Recent advances in polymer science developing novel stimulus-active soft-matter materials may further increase the popularity and spreading of soft microfluidics. Stimulus-active polymers and composite materials change shape or exert mechanical force on surrounding fluids in response to electric, magnetic, light, thermal, or water/solvent stimuli. Specifically devised actuators based on these materials may have the potential to facilitate integration significantly and hence increase the operational advantage for the end-user while retaining costeffectiveness and ease of fabrication. This review gives an overview of available actuation concepts that are based on functional polymers and points out promising concepts and trends that may have the potential to promote the commercial success of microfluidics.

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Photoresponsive polymer gel microvalves controlled by local light irradiation

Cited by 145 publications

References 39 publications

Ionogel-based light-actuated valves for controlling liquid flow in micro-fluidic manifolds

Ionogel-based light-actuated valves for controlling liquid flow in micro-fluidic manifolds

Modular microfluidic valve structures based on reversible thermoresponsive ionogel actuators

Stimulus-active polymer actuators for next-generation microfluidic devices

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