Photoresponsive quinoline tethered fluorescent carbon dots for regulated anticancer drug delivery

Karthik, S.; Saha, Biswajit; Ghosh, Sudip Kumar; Singh, N. D. Pradeep

doi:10.1039/c3cc46078a

Cited by 154 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Diverse MNPs have been exploited for the fabrication of light-sensitive DDSs including carbon dots with strong fluorescent emission, 157 polymeric hydrogels exhibiting a hydration/dehydration transition mechanism, 158 gold NPs for photogenerated localized heating, 159 core-shell particles, 160 and MSNs possessing high surface area, good targeting ability and controlled drug-release especially toward tumor cells. 135,161 …”

Section: Different Stimuli-responsive Mnpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart micro/nanoparticles in stimulus-responsive drug/gene delivery systems

et al. 2016

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New achievements in the realm of nanoscience and innovative techniques of nanomedicine have moved micro/nanoparticles (MNPs) to the point of becoming actually useful for practical applications in the near future. Various differences between the extracellular and intracellular environments of cancerous and normal cells and the particular characteristics of tumors such as physicochemical properties, neovasculature, elasticity, surface electrical charge, and pH have motivated the design and fabrication of inventive “smart” MNPs for stimulus-responsive controlled drug release. These novel MNPs can be tailored to be responsive to pH variations, redox potential, enzymatic activation, thermal gradients, magnetic fields, light, and ultrasound (US), or can even be responsive to dual or multi-combinations of different stimuli. This unparalleled capability has increased their importance as site-specific controlled drug delivery systems (DDSs) and has encouraged their rapid development in recent years. An in-depth understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these DDS approaches is expected to further contribute to this groundbreaking field of nanomedicine. Smart nanocarriers in the form of MNPs that can be triggered by internal or external stimulus are summarized and discussed in the present review, including pH-sensitive peptides and polymers, redox-responsive micelles and nanogels, thermo- or magnetic-responsive nanoparticles (NPs), mechanical- or electrical-responsive MNPs, light or ultrasound-sensitive particles, and multi-responsive MNPs including dual stimuli-sensitive nanosheets of graphene. This review highlights the recent advances of smart MNPs categorized according to their activation stimulus (physical, chemical, or biological) and looks forward to future pharmaceutical applications.

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Section: Different Stimuli-responsive Mnpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart micro/nanoparticles in stimulus-responsive drug/gene delivery systems

et al. 2016

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“…Karthik et al constructed a photoresponsive nanodrug delivery system (DDS) using C-dots and a quinolonebased phototrigger. 212 In this paper, they described the synthesis of a phototrigger-conjugated anticancer drug. The drug was covalently grafted onto the surface of C-dots using potassium tert-butoxide in dry THF.…”

Section: Bioapplicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the functionality of carbon nanodots: doping and surface functionalization

et al. 2016

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Distinct from conventional carbon nanostructures, such as fullerene, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, carbon nanodots (C-dots) exhibit unique properties such as strong fluorescence, high photostability, chemical inertness, low toxicity, and biocompatibility. Various synthetic routes for C-dots have been developed in the last few years, and now intense research efforts have been focused on improving their functionality. In this aspect, doping and surface functionalization are two major ways to control the chemical, optical, and electrical properties of C-dots. Doping introduces atomic impurities into C-dots to modulate their electronic structure, and surface functionalization modifies the C-dot surface with functional molecules or polymers. In this review, we summarize recent progress in doping and surface functionalization of C-dots for improving their functionality, and offer insight into controlling the properties of C-dots for a variety of applications ranging from biomedicine to optoelectronics to energy.

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“…As results, C-dots has found wide potential applications, including bioimaging or biosensors (Cao et al, 2007;Yang et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2010;Kong et al, 2012;Shi et al, 2012;Zhu et al, 2012;Sun et al, 2014;Liu, Y., et al, 2014;Wang and Zhou, 2014), drug delivery Karthik et al, 2013;Choi et al, 2014;Zheng et al, 2014), electrochemical/electrochemiluminescence catalysis/sensing (Liu and Chen, 2013;Yang et al, 2013;Long et al, 2014), energy conversion (Li et al, 2010;Tang et al, 2012;Zhang, H., et al, 2012), photocatalysis, and optoelectronics (Li, H., et al, 2012). In the field of FL sensor applications, however, critical challenges remain for C-dots, particularly in terms of the low fluorescence quantum yields (FLQY), as well as relatively poor probe sensitivity and selectivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%