Photosulfonation of Low‐Density Polyethylene Films

Abstract

Summary: Photosulfonation of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) films by UV irradiation in the presence of gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO2) and oxygen (O2) was studied by attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The ATR and XPS analysis and chemical modification of UV‐irradiated LDPE films demonstrated the generation of CC double bonds and sultones in the reaction. These results indicated the possibility that sulfur trioxide (SO3) was produced during the photosulfonation. New pathways for the SO3 reaction with LDPE films, resulting in the formation of sulfonic acid groups, were proposed.Overview of the mechanism proposed for the photosulfonation of low‐density polyethylene by SO3 (produced upon UV‐irradiation of gaseous SO2 and O2).imageOverview of the mechanism proposed for the photosulfonation of low‐density polyethylene by SO3 (produced upon UV‐irradiation of gaseous SO2 and O2).

Acid catalysed cross-linking of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) by glutaraldehyde: effect of crosslink density on the characteristics of PVA membranes used in single chambered microbial fuel cells

“…Different studies have been performed on the surface sulfonation of polyethylene lm using oleum and chlorosulfonic acid. [10][11][12][13][14] Likewise, the inherent hydrophilicity of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) makes it an attractive polymer for water treatment application, where adequate cross-linking ensures compaction under pressure. 15 In some of the previous works, different cross-linking agents have been used to serve this purpose.…”

A nanocomposite membrane composed of incorporated nano-alumina within sulfonated PVDF-co-HFP/Nafion blend as separating barrier in a single chambered microbial fuel cell

“…have also been shown to alter membrane properties. [19][20][21][22][23] It has been reported that membrane alone contributes to more than 38% of the overall cost in MFC. 24 Another apt way of enhancing membrane efficiency is usage of inorganic llers as nanocomposite membranes.…”

Crosslinked inter penetrating network of sulfonated styrene and sulfonated PVdF-co-HFP as electrolytic membrane in a single chamber microbial fuel cell

“…16 Various studies on enhancing membranes properties have been conducted; for instance, surface modication of polyolens by sulfonation, photosulfonation, plasma treatment, and radiation graing have been shown to improve hydrophilicity, adhesion, and other properties within membrane. [17][18][19][20][21] Recently, polyvinylidene uoride (PVdF) and its blends have provided a promising prospective as PEM in fuel cell technology. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Although, being hydrophobic, various studies on its surface modication have shown increments in water retention capability within the membranes.…”