Photosynthesis and Fish Production in the Sea

Ryther, John H.

doi:10.1126/science.166.3901.72

Cited by 1,336 publications

(683 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Compared with the scale of primary productivity in different areas of the oceans (Ryther, 1969), the primary productivity in the Arenicola-flat and in the NereisCorophium-belt is in the upper range of the productivity on the continental shelf. The primary productivity in the seagrass-bed is in the range of very high productive areas.…”

Section: Primary Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of grazing food chain for energy flow and production in three intertidal sand bottom communities of the northern Wadden Sea

Asmus

1985

Helgolander Meeresunters

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In three intertidal sand bottom communities of the "K6nigshafen" (Island of Sylt, North Sea), the biomass production and respiration of phytobenthos, phytoplankton, macrozoobenthos, and in situ community metabolism were measured monthly during 1980. The study sites were characterized by different communities (Nereis-Corophium-belt, seagrass-bed, Arenicola-flat) and by a high abundance of the mollusc Hydrobia ulvae. Benthic diatoms are the major constituents of plant biomass in the Arenicola-flat. In this community, gross primary productivity amounts to 148 g C m-2 a-1.82 % of this productivity is caused by microbenthos, whereas phytoplankton constitutes only 18 %. In the seagrass-bed, gross primary productivity amounts to 473 g C m -2 a -1. 79 % of this is generated by seagrass and its epiphytes, whereas microphytobenthos contributes 19 %. In the Nereis-Corophium-belt, only microphytobenthos is important for hiomass and primary productivity (gross: 152 g C m -2 a-l). Annual production of macrofauna proved to be similar in the A_renicola-flat (30 g C m -2 a -1) to that in the seagrass-bed (29 g C m -2 a-l). Only one third of this amount is produced in the Nereis-Corophium-belt (10 g C m -2 a-l). The main part of secondary production and animal respiration is contributed by grazing H. ulvae. In the seagrass-bed, 83 % of the energy used for production is obtained from the grazing food chain. In the Arenicola-flat and the NereisCorophium-belt, the importance of non-grazing species is greater. A synchrony of seasonal development of plant biomass and monthly secondary production was observed. In the Arenicolaflat and the seagrass-bed, where density and production of macrofauna are high, a conspicuous decrease in biomass of microbenthos occurs during the warmer season, whereas in the NereisCorophium-belt primary production causes an increase in microphytobenthic biomass in summer and autumn. Energy flow through the macrofauna amounts to 69 g C m -2 a -~ in the Arenicola-flat, 85 g C m -~ a -1 in the seagrass-bed and 35 g C m -2 a -1 in the Nereis-Corophium-belt. Based on the assumption that sources of food are used in proportion to their availability, 49 g C m -2 a -1 (Arenicola-fiat), 72 g C m -2 a -1 (seagrass-bed) and 26 g C m -2 a -1 (Nereis-Corophium-belt) are estimated as taken up by the grazing food chain. All three subsystems are able to support the energy requirements from their own primary production and are not dependent on energy import from adjacent ecosystems.

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Section: Primary Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of grazing food chain for energy flow and production in three intertidal sand bottom communities of the northern Wadden Sea

Asmus

1985

Helgolander Meeresunters

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“…High Chl-a concentrations indicating high phytoplankton biomass were revealed in these upwellings. Upwelling areas are commonly considered as good fishing grounds due to high primary productivity associated with the upwelled nutrients (Ryther, 1969). Taiwan Bank Fishing Ground was first defined as an upwelling fishing ground in 1991 .…”

Section: Five Upwelling Zones and Fishing Grounds In The Taiwan Straitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, fisheries production in upwelling areas accounts for almost 50% of the world total fisheries production (Ryther, 1969). Therefore, a good understanding of upwelling processes and characteristics is very important for fish production and management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upwelling in the Taiwan Strait during the summer monsoon detected by satellite and shipboard measurements

Tang

Kester

et al. 2002

Remote Sensing of Environment

117

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“…Since this is close to the weight ratio of N : P in plankton (Table I), the question of whether N or P is limiting coastal productivity is avoided as the calculation of potential C storage will be similar in either case. The total net primary production in the coastal zone of about 4000 Tg C yr-I (Ryther, 1969) is supported, as is most productivity in aquatic ecosystems, by recycled nutrient. Burial of organic matter requires addition of nutrients from outside the system, such as from rivers, lest the system run down.…”

Section: The Coastal Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

1985

Tellus B

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We use an element-matching approach to examine the hypothesis that the rate of atmospheric CO, increase has been reduced by an increased net storage of carbon in forests, coastal oceans, and the open sea caused by eutrophication of the biosphere with nitrogen and phosphorus. We conclude that a reasonable upper limit of about 200 Tg of the estimated total of 7800 Tg of C0,-carbon released to the atmosphere in 1980 could have been stored in biotic reservoirs as organic carbon in trees, soils, and aquatic sediments as a consequence of eutrophication. The reason that storage is so limited relative to total carbon release is that the C:N and C : P ratios in the C0,-carbon sources (fossil fuels and primary forests) are much larger than the ratios in the sinks (regrowing forests and aquatic sediments) and that N and P supply controls the rate and amount of storage of organic carbon in the available biotic sinks.

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Photosynthesis and Fish Production in the Sea

Cited by 1,336 publications

References 15 publications

The importance of grazing food chain for energy flow and production in three intertidal sand bottom communities of the northern Wadden Sea

The importance of grazing food chain for energy flow and production in three intertidal sand bottom communities of the northern Wadden Sea

Upwelling in the Taiwan Strait during the summer monsoon detected by satellite and shipboard measurements

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