Photosynthesis and Metabolism in Seagrasses at the Cellular Level

Larkum, Anthony W. D.; Drew, Edward A.; Ralph, Peter J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-2983-7_14

Cited by 28 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Drew (unpubl. data), as cited in Larkum et al (2006b) Table 4. Summary of carbon translocation rates obtained from the literature Although there were no significant differences in the accumulation rate of excess 13 C in the rhizomes during the February and July experiments (Table 3), the rates of carbon fixation and degree of sequestration do appear to exhibit seasonal differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbohydrate concentrations (sucrose + glucose + fructose) in the rhizomes during the July experiment were twice those during the February experiment, suggesting a strong seasonal pattern of storage during this time ( Table 5). Numerous papers have noted that stored carbohydrate content is usually higher during the summer months when light is plentiful and that these reserves are drawn down during low light periods typical of winter conditions (Ott 1979, Dunton 1994, Burke et al 1996, Larkum et al 2006b). Although we assume sugars were the primary transport and storage compound, some of the fixed 13 C may have been incorporated into other unquantified soluble organic compounds such as free amino acids (FAA) and soluble proteins (Invers et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reviews devote a substantial amount of text to these and related topics (e.g. Hemminga & Duarte 2000, Touchette & Burkholder 2000, Larkum et al 2006a, and there have been many refinements and ad vances since the early synthesis publications on seagrass biology and physiology (McRoy & Helfferich 1977, Phillips & McRoy 1980. Understanding seagrass car-bon dynamics and balance is necessary to protect and restore this valuable ecosystem engineer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Annual patterns of high NSC during summer and low NSC during winter/spring have been reported from several seagrass species (Dawes & Lawrence 1980, Pirc 1985, Burke et al 1996. Sucrose is the dominant storage carbohydrate in most seagrass species, accounting for up to 90% of the NSC pool; other carbohydrates include fructose, glucose, trehalose and complex polysaccharides such as cyclitols (Drew 1978, 1983, Touchette & Burkholder 2000, Larkum et al 2006b, Vichkovitten et al 2007. The importance of starch as a seagrass carbohydrate storage product is highly variable among species (Touchette & Burkholder 2000, Vichkovitten et al 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ 13C tracer experiments elucidate carbon translocation rates and allocation patterns in eelgrass Zostera marina

Kaldy¹,

Brown²,

Andersen³

2013

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Zostera marina L. carbon dynamics have been intensively studied, yet in situ translocation rate estimates remain elusive, particularly for north temperate seagrasses. To better understand carbohydrate synthesis, allocation and use in Z. marina, we conducted summer and winter in situ 13 C labeling experiments and measured the δ 13 C of bulk tissue and individual carbohydrate compounds. Leaf tissue exhibited immediate isotope enrichment within hours of the tracer pulse. As the isotope ratio of the leaf tissue decreased over a period of days, enrichment became more evident in the belowground tissues (rhizome and roots) not directly exposed to the 13 C-dissolved inorganic carbon label, indicating that non-structural carbohydrate was translocated belowground. Rhizome δ 13 C increased for up to 2 wk after the 13 C label pulse. The isotopic enrichment of glucose, fructose and sucrose were similar and significantly greater than the enrichment of myo-inositol. Maximum enrichment occurred in the glucose pool, with leaf tissue at 258 ± 61 ‰ and rhizome tissue at 55.1 ± 28.8 ‰ during the July 2004 labeling period. Leaf excess 13 C loss rates (4 d average) were on the order of 11% 13 C d −1 , while the excess 13 C accumulation rate in the rhizome combined with roots was about 1.5% 13 C d −1 (4 d average). Whole plant excess 13 C loss rates as a result of respiration, detrital production and exudation ranged between about 8.8 and 10% 13 C d −1 (4 d average). The results provide important estimates of carbon uptake and translocation that can be used to better understand whole plant carbon budgets as well as the transfer of seagrass-derived carbon to other trophic communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

In situ 13C tracer experiments elucidate carbon translocation rates and allocation patterns in eelgrass Zostera marina

Kaldy¹,

Brown²,

Andersen³

2013

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Arber (1920) recognized that the limited diversity of marine flora was the result of their need to evolve four special faculties: (1) toleration towards a saline medium; (2) the power of vegetating while wholly submerged; (3) the knack of developing a sufficiency of anchoring roots to withstand the action of waves and tides; (4) the capacity for hydrophilous pollination. The fossil record indicates that seagrasses evolved these faculties at least 100·10 6 years ago (den Hartog 1970) but systematic studies indicate that they remain at a level of c. 50 species today (Larkum, McComb & Shepherd 1989). This leads to two questions: (1) why have other plants groups not evolved these four faculties and (2) why has there not been an adaptive radiation in the seagrasses (van der Hage 1996)?…”

Section: Plant Life In the Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Ecology

1998

Functional Ecology

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Leaf and canopy scale characterization of the photoprotective response to high-light stress of the seagrassThalassia testudinum

2015

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The survival of tropical seagrasses in shallow and highly illuminated reef environments relies on the leaf photoacclimatory high-light response. In this study, we characterized this response for the tropical seagrass Thalassia testudinum and analysed the role of seagrass canopy in the regulation of leaf photoacclimation. We determined maximum capacity for non-photochemical quenching (NPQ max ); xanthophyll cycle pool size and its de-epoxidation state; and the support of photosystem II (PSII) repair to maintain PSII photochemical efficiency, and compared their variation along the leaf against changes in leaf pigmentation, absorptance, and PSII maximum photochemical efficiency (F v : F m ). Significant trends were documented: NPQ max increases toward the tip whereas pigmentation, absorptance, F v : F m and the support of PSII-repair decline. Such heterogeneous leaf condition allows minimizing photodamage and leaf maintenance costs in the upper part of the canopy while maintaining high productivity at the lowest-shaded canopy levels. NPQ max for laboratory and field determinations were as high (4-5) as values reported for sun-acclimated land leaves and supported by similar mechanisms. According to this, the high NPQ max capacity of T. testudinum leaves and the ability of canopy self-shading to reduce light stress can explain the success of this climax seagrass in the reef environment along the Caribbean. This large habitat-builder may have acquired key ecological and evolutionary advantages through its capacity to regulate canopy light field and leaf ability to respond to highly heterogeneous illumination. Our study provides a physiological basis to support the important role of seagrass canopy for large species in photoprotection and plant productivity optimization.

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Photosynthesis and Metabolism in Seagrasses at the Cellular Level

Cited by 28 publications

References 117 publications

In situ 13C tracer experiments elucidate carbon translocation rates and allocation patterns in eelgrass Zostera marina

In situ 13C tracer experiments elucidate carbon translocation rates and allocation patterns in eelgrass Zostera marina

Functional Ecology

Leaf and canopy scale characterization of the photoprotective response to high-light stress of the seagrassThalassia testudinum

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