Photosynthesis in Artificial Communities of Cotton Plants in Relation to Leaf Area I. Experiments with Progressive Defoliation of Mature Plants

Ludwig, L. J.; Saeki, T.; Evans, Lisa

doi:10.1071/bi9651103

Cited by 83 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…Subsequent work with communities of corn (Williams, Loomis, and Lepley 1965), soybean (Shibles and Weber 1965), and lucerne (Wilfong, Brown, and Blaser 1967) plants showed no decline in net photosynthesis or crop growth rate at high L. A.I. values. This finding is in agreement with our earlier work (Ludwig, Saeki, and Evans 1965) with communities of mature cotton and sunflower plants. In these it was shown that the lack of a decline in net photosynthesis by the communities at high L.A.I.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The methods used for the measurement of CO2 and water vapour levels, air and leaf temperatures, and light intensities have been described in detail by Ludwig, Saeki, and Evans (1965). In the present experiments the fresh air supply to the cabinets was drawn directly from the atmosphere by way of a pipe of 15 cm diameter, in which the air flow was adjusted with a baffle.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of plant communities has recently been examined with several species. The earlier work was reviewed in a previous paper (Ludwig, Saeki, and Evans 1965), and it appeared that while some species, such as subterranean clover and kale, may show a fairly pronounced optimum L.A.I., others, such as wheat and sunflower, show no fall in net photosynthesis at high L.A.I. values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photosynthesis in Artificial Communities of Wheat, Lucerne, and Subterranean Clover Plants

King¹,

Evans²

1967

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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SummaryThe relation between leaf area index (L.A.I.) and rates of net photosynthesis at three light intensities, and of dark respiration, was examined throughout the course of growth of artificial communities of wheat and lucerne at 20°C, and of subterranean clover at 25° /20°C.For all three species, net photosynthesis rose rapidly with increase in L.A.I. to values of 3-4, and with wheat and lucerne continued to rise, slowly, up to the highest L.A.I. values attained, above lO. With the subterranean clover communities there was a slight fall in net photosynthesis at the highest L.A.I. reached, 5. At a light intensity of 3300 foot candles, the highest rates of net photosynthesis were 48· 5, 44· 5, and 31· 5 mg CO 2/dm 2 ground surface/hr for wheat, lucerne, and subterranean clover respectively.Dark respiration increased asymptotically with increase in L.A.I. of the communities. With wheat and lucerne, leaf respiration rate fell progressively with depth in the community. The highest respiration rates reached were 14· 5, 21· 5, and 16· 5 mg C02/dm2 ground surface/hr for the wheat, lucerne, and subterranean clover communities respectively.Gross photosynthesis accounted for 12· 8, 13· 5, and 9· 8% of the visible light absorbed by the wheat, lucerne, and clover communities respectively. Their highest crop growth rates were 30 g/m2/day for wheat, 39 g/m2/day for lucerne (excluding root growth), and 20 g/m2/day for subterranean clover.The dependence of transpiration rate of the plant communities on their L.A.I. and the energy balance of the communities within the artificially lit cabinets are also considered.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photosynthesis in Artificial Communities of Wheat, Lucerne, and Subterranean Clover Plants

King¹,

Evans²

1967

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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“…Other plants for which no optima in net photosynthesis rates have been found under controlled conditions are kale (17), wheat, rice, sunflower, and perilla (25), and cotton (12). Ludwig, Saeki and Evans (12) showed by progressive defoliation that the lower leaves of a cotton commuinity had low rates of respiration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ludwig, Saeki and Evans (12) showed by progressive defoliation that the lower leaves of a cotton commuinity had low rates of respiration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Existence of an Optimum Leaf Area Index for the Production Rate of White Clover Grown Under Constant Conditions

McCree

Troughton

1966

Plant Physiol.

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Summary. Single clover plants were grown in the vegetative state, at 20 ± 10, 85 + 5 % relative humidity, 320 + 10 ppm CO, 12-hour day, with Hoagland nutrient in Perlite, and 100 w * m-2 of photosynthetically active radiation (0.4-0.7 ,u) from mercury-fluorescent lamps. Each plant was confined within a circle 18 cm in diameter by means of a wire framework. The COO exchange rate of the whole plant was measured every second day for 3 months. There was no optimum leaf area index for the net photosynthesis rate. The respiration rate was determined mainly by the gross photosynthesis rate and only partly by the amount of non-photosynthetic or heavily shaded tissue. At the maximum leaf area index, when leaves were dying as fast as they were being produced, both photosynthesis and respiration remained at or near their maximum rates. At the end of 3 months, the whole plant was harvested and the dry weight and carbon content determined. The measured dry weight was close to that calculated from the total CO) uptake and a constant ratio of carbon content to dry weight of 39 %. Optimum leaf area indices observed in field experiments are attributed to the failure to include the material which dies between harvests, and to decreases in the gross photosynthesis rate caused by climate changes or lack of nutrient, for example. The difference between production rate and growth rate or yield is emphasized.We have shown previously (14) that young clover plants adapt their rates of respiration (R) when subjected to a change in the incident light level. The adaptation is virtually complete within 24 hours, the final respiration rate being proportional to the photosynthesis rate (P) over a wide range of light levels.In that experiment, each leaf received the same amount of light. In a plant communitv, the lower leaves are shaded by the upper ones. If the same adaptation occurs, the respiration rate of the whole community will be proportional to its photosynthesis rate. Both P and R will increase with leaf area until there are sufficient leaves to absorb all the incident radiation, and then remain constant ( fig la). This picture is quite different from the one given by most models of the net P of plant communities (6,11,15,16,18,19,23,24). In these models, R is assumed to be proportional to leaf area and independent of P, with the result that net P passes through a maximum at a point known as the optimum leaf area index1 (f g lb).

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Tomato Leaf Photosynthesis and Respiration in Various Light and Carbon Dioxide Environments

Ludwig¹,

Charles-Edwards²,

Withers³

1975

Environmental and Biological Control of Photosynthesis

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Photosynthesis in Artificial Communities of Cotton Plants in Relation to Leaf Area I. Experiments with Progressive Defoliation of Mature Plants

Cited by 83 publications

References 5 publications

Photosynthesis in Artificial Communities of Wheat, Lucerne, and Subterranean Clover Plants

Photosynthesis in Artificial Communities of Wheat, Lucerne, and Subterranean Clover Plants

Non-Existence of an Optimum Leaf Area Index for the Production Rate of White Clover Grown Under Constant Conditions

Tomato Leaf Photosynthesis and Respiration in Various Light and Carbon Dioxide Environments

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