Photosynthesis of individual field-grown cotton leaves during ontogeny

Wullschleger, Stan D.; Oosterhuis, Derrick M.

doi:10.1007/bf00035007

Cited by 57 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…IA). Subtending leaves had rates of CO2 assimilation which exceeded 16.5 umol m-2 s-' at anthesis, but steadily decreased with increasing age, as is typical for leaves in the cotton canopy (25). In comparison, bracts attained a less obvious peak in photosynthesis at about 1O d after anthesis, which at 2.1 ,umol m-2 s-' averaged less than 13% that of the subtending leaf.…”

Section: C-assimilation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…At these main-stem nodes, subtending leaves were typically 18 d old at anthesis and fully exposed to ambient irradiance (PPFD) in the upper portion of the canopy (25). To minimize age-related variability in the measured parameters, approximately 1000 first position fruits at each of the above main-stem nodes were labeled with jewelers tags at anthesis.…”

Section: Growth and Chemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photosynthetic and Respiratory Activity of Fruiting Forms within the Cotton Canopy

Wullschleger¹,

Oosterhuis²

1990

Plant Physiol.

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The supply of photosynthates by leaves for reproductive development in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has been extensively studied. However, the contribution of assimilates derived from the fruiting forms themselves is inconclusive. Field experiments were conducted to document the photosynthetic and respiratory activity of cotton leaves, bracts, and capsule walls from anthesis to fruit maturity. Bracts achieved peak photosynthetic rates of 2.1 micromoles per square meter per second compared with 16.5 micromoles per square meter per second for the subtending leaf. However, unlike the subtending leaf, the bracts did not show a dramatic decline in photosynthesis with increased age, nor was their photosynthesis as sensitive as leaves to low light and water-deficit stress. The capsule wall was only a minor site of 14C02 fixation from the ambient atmosphere. Dark respiration by the developing fruit averaged -18.7 micromoles per square meter per second for 6 days after anthesis and declined to -2.7 micromoles per square meter per second after 40 days. Respiratory loss of CO2 was maximal at -158 micromoles CO2 per fruit per hour at 20 days anthesis. Diumal pattems of dark respiration for the fruit were age dependent and closely correlated with stomatal conductance of the capsule wall. Stomata on the capsule wall of young fruit were functional, but lost this capacity with increasing age. Labeled 14C02 injected into the fruit interior was rapidly assimilated by the capsule wall in the light but not in the dark, while fiber and seed together fixed significant amounts of 14C02 in both the light and dark. These data suggest that cotton fruiting forms, although sites of significant respiratory CO2 loss, do serve a vital role in the recycling of internal CO2 and therein, function as important sources of assimilate for reproductive development.The supply of photosynthate for fruit development in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) requires the contribution of assimilate from several sources (2,4,5,20). Studies have shown that the major suppliers of carbon for fruit development are the leaf subtending the boll, the leaf subtending the adjacent fruiting position, and the leaf subtending the sympodium (14). However, these leaves alone cannot meet the seasonal carbon demand necessary to sustain observed increases in fruit dry weight (9,24). This is particularly true for fruit in the lower canopy where more than 60% of the carbon requirements must be imported (21,24 Few studies have comprehensively examined the photosynthetic and respiratory activity ofleaves, bracts, and the capsule wall of cotton, particularly with respect to their patterns during fruit ontogeny. Understanding the gas-exchange properties of these structures would provide greater insight into their contribution of assimilate for fruit development. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to monitor photosynthesis and respiration during development of cotton fruit, bracts, and subtending leaves, and to determine the relative capacity of these tissues to assim...

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Section: C-assimilation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Growth and Chemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic and Respiratory Activity of Fruiting Forms within the Cotton Canopy

Wullschleger¹,

Oosterhuis²

1990

Plant Physiol.

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“…It has been demonstrated with developing leaves from C3 and C4 crop species that increases in Chi content and max parallel leafage and expansion (Constable & Rawson 1980;Sestak et al 1985;Wullschleger & Oosterhuis 1990). In leaves from Zea mays the relative ratio of photosynthetic O2 evolution to CO2 assimilation decreased markedly in measurements from young to old leaf sections suggesting limitations in CO2 assimilation in the youngest tissue (Miranda et al 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In addition to lower light reflectivity, young emerging leaves typically have lower photosynthetic capacities (^max) than mature leaves (Constable & Rawson 1980;Leech & Baker 1983;Ticha et al 1985;Wullschleger & Oosterhuis 1990;Stirling et al 1994). Eor young leaves, light levels may be saturating and in excess of the capacity for photosynthetic utilization at much lower light intensities than in older leaves leaving the former more susceptible to photoinhibition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal and external photoprotection in developing leaves of the CAM plant Cotyledon orbiculata

Barker

Seaton

Robinson

1997

Plant Cell & Environment

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Leaves of the CAM plant Cotyledon orbiculata produced a dense epidermal wax which decreased the ahsorption of light, possibly functioning as an external photoprotective mechanism (Robinson et al. 1993). However, developing leaves did not accumulate wax until after 21 d with full wax coating not achieved until at least 35 d. In addition, young leaves had lower rates of electron transport than mature leaves. Leaf development therefore occurs at higher incident PFD than that experienced by the mature leaves, and, for young leaves, can lead to an increase in the proportion of light energy which is excess to requirements and must be dissipated non-photochemically. Changes in the photosynthetic capacity, PSII efficiency, rate of energy dissipation, and the content of chlorophyll (Chi), carotenoids, wax and anthocyanins were followed in developing leaves of C. orbiculata in an attempt to elucidate the relative importance of the various photoprotective mechanisms during leaf ontogeny. The largest pools of xanthophyll cycle pigments (on a Chi basis) were found in the waxless, young leaves and were correlated with greater levels of energy dissipation activity. The importance of xanthophyll cycledependent energy dissipation in young C. orbiculata leaves prior to development of a reflective wax covering, and full photosynthetic capacity which for CAM plants includes appreciable nocturnal acid accumulation, is discussed. Also, we consider the possibility that anthocyanin pigments in the upper and lower epidermis may increase reflectivity and act as external photoprotectants.

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“…Photosynthesis is the basic physiological process in plants and one of the important factors in the formation of crop yield (Wullschleger andOosterhuis 1990, Yu et al 2001). Many studies examined the relationship between photosynthetic indicators and external natural factors (Changhai et al 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic activity of selected genotypes of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) in critical periods for yield formation

Pokorný¹,

Pulkrábek²,

Štranc³

et al. 2011

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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This paper evaluates the influence of genotype on the photosynthetic activity of hops in the period critical for generating yield. Results over three years from measuring the photosynthesis rate statistically show an increase in the photosynthetic activity of hop plants in the flowering stage. The average photosynthetic rates from measurements on the second date (BBA 65) in the years 2007, 2008, and 2009 increased by 17.9%, 45.6%, and 49.2%, respectively. Different photosynthesis curve trends during the final stage of ontogenesis of the plants indicate the maturity level of each hop genotype. As regards the genotypes for which photosynthesis did not reduce significantly, it may be assumed that such plants had not reached technical maturity. The results from the three-year study also show that any promising genotype, with respect to the photosynthesis rate and yield, is the result of breeding of new varieties with greater resistance to drought and high temperatures. Very good results in photosynthetic activity were reached by the new varieties exhibiting high yield and a similar chemical composition to Saaz hop and those sharing the same origins to Saaz, showing a higher content of bitter substances. In 2008 and 2009, all three new forms reached yield levels of 2.35 to 3.12 t/ha of dry hops.

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Photosynthesis of individual field-grown cotton leaves during ontogeny

Cited by 57 publications

References 21 publications

Photosynthetic and Respiratory Activity of Fruiting Forms within the Cotton Canopy

Photosynthetic and Respiratory Activity of Fruiting Forms within the Cotton Canopy

Internal and external photoprotection in developing leaves of the CAM plant Cotyledon orbiculata

Photosynthetic activity of selected genotypes of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) in critical periods for yield formation

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