Photosynthesis of Tropical Pasture Plants I. Illuminance, Carbon Dioxide Concentration, Leaf Temperature, and Leaf-Air Vapour Pressure Difference

Ludlow, M. M.; Wilson, GL

doi:10.1071/bi9710449

Cited by 143 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Light response curves of grasses and legumes grown at 30°0 have been published (Ludlow and Wilson 1971). Because the shape of the response curves of leaves from legumes grown at 20°0 were similar to those from plants grown at 30°0, they are not presented.…”

Section: Results and Disoussion (A) Temperature Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The apparatus, measurement procedures, and methods of calculating results were described previously (Ludlow and Wilson 1971). Plants were adequately supplied with water and mineral nutrients, and measurements were made on the youngest fully expanded leaves.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have described the effects of some current environmental factors on leaf net photosynthetic rate and carbon dioxide transfer resistances of tropical pasture grass and legume plants which had a common environmental history (Ludlow and Wilson 1971). In this paper, we show how the temperature and illuminance at which leaves develop, and to which they are exposed prior to measurement, influence photosynthetic characteristics measured under standard conditions.…”

Section: Introduotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photosynthesis of Tropical Pasture Plants II. Temperature and Illuminance History

Ludlow¹,

Wilson²

1971

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Grasses and legumes were grown at two temperatures in controlled-environment rooms and at three illuminances (obtained by shading) in a glasshouse. Carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange of leaves were measured in an open gas analysis system.Net photosynthetic rates of grasses and legumes grown at 20°C and measured at 30°C were lower (and transfer resistances were concomitantly higher) than values for plants grown at 30°C, but almost complete acclimatization to the higher temperature occurred within 15 hr. Dark respiration rates varied with species and with illuminance prior to measurement, but were unaffected by growth temperature.Shading markedly affected the anatomy and the photosynthetic characteristics of both grass and legume leaves. Shaded leaves were thinner and contained fewer, smaller, and less densely packed cells than unshaded leaves. Light saturation point, light compensation point, and dark respiration rate declined as the level of shading increased, but the initial slope of the light response curve was unaffected. The lower net photosynthetic rate of shaded leaves was associated with increased stomatal and mesophyll resistances, and it is argued that the latter arose from higher carboxylation resistances. Net photosynthetic rate was positively related to leaf thickness, specific leaf weight, and the reciprocal of mesophyll resistance. These relationships and the relationship between net photosynthesis and chlorophyll content are discussed.

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Section: Results and Disoussion (A) Temperature Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photosynthesis of Tropical Pasture Plants II. Temperature and Illuminance History

Ludlow¹,

Wilson²

1971

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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“…An increase in Pn as temperature increases from T min to T opt is a result of an increase in either one or both stomatal and mesophyll conductance to CO 2 , and an increase in the activity of the enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) with temperature (LUDLOW & WILSON, 1971;JONES, 1992). A decline in Pn as temperature increases from T opt to T max is associated with a decrease in either one or both stomatal and mesophyll conductance to CO 2 with temperature (LUDLOW & WILSON, 1971), a rapid increase in dark respiration (and in C 3 plants, like kiwifruit, photorespiration as well) with temperature (JACKSON & VOLK, 1970), and an inactivation of Rubisco at supra-optimal temperatures (JONES, 1992). Another reason why Pn decreases at supra-optimal temperatures in C 3 plants is that the solubility of CO 2 decreases relatively faster than the solubility of O 2 , causing a unbalance between carboxylase and oxigenase activities of Rubisco, which leads to an O 2 inhibition at the carboxylation site that decreases Pn (LAING et al, 1974;EHLERINGER & BJÖRKMAN, 1977;KU & EDUARDS, 1977).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A generalized nonlinear tempeature response function for some growth and developmental parameters in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang & A. R. Ferguson)

Streck

2003

Cienc. Rural

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Temperature is a major factor that affects metabolic processes in living organisms. Thermal time has been widely used to account for the effects of temperature on crop growth and development. However, the thermal time approach has been criticized because it assumes a linear relationship between the rate of crop growth or development and temperature. The response of the rate of crop growth and development to temperature is nonlinear. The objective of this study was to develop a generalized nonlinear temperature response function for some growth and developmental parameters in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang & A. R. Ferguson). The nonlinear function has three coefficients (the cardinal temperatures), which were 0ºC, 25ºC, and 40ºC. Data of temperature response of relative growth rate, relative leaf area growth, net photosynthesis rate, and leaf appearance rate in kiwifruit (female cv. Hayward) at two light levels, which are from published research, were used as independent data for evaluating the performance of the nonlinear and the thermal time functions. The results showed that the generalized nonlinear response function is better than the thermal time approach, and the temperature response of several growth and developmental parameters in kiwifruit can be described with the same response function.

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“…Because they originated in tropical or subtropical regions, the optimum temperature for photosynthesis in C4 plants is 30-40 °C, which is approximately 10 °C higher than in C3 plants (Leegood 1993). However, C4 photosynthesis is usually sensitive to low temperature: the minimum temperature for photosynthesis in several C4 tropical grasses is 5-10 °C (Ludlow & Wilson 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic responses to temperature of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type C₄ species differing in cold sensitivity

Matsuba¹,

Imaizumi²,

Kaneko³

et al. 1997

Plant Cell & Environment

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Photosynthetic rates, the activities of key enzymes associated with the C4 cycle and ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carhoxylase (RuBPCase), and the levels of metabolites involved in the C4 cycle were compared between the two phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK) type C4 species Spartina anglica, which is cold-tolerant, and Zoysia japonica, which is cold-sensitive, during exposure to low temperature. Plants of both species grown outside in summer were placed in a growth chamber at 27/20 °C day/night temperatures. After 1 week, plants were exposed to 20/17 °C for 1 week and then to 10/7 °C for 2 weeks. Photosynthetic rates in Z. japonica decreased progressively to about 25% during the chilling treatments. In contrast, S. anglica exhibited a 43% increase in photosynthetic rates after exposure to 20 °C for 1 week, which remained relatively constant thereafter. Consistent with these observations, most of the C4 enzymes and RuBPCase in Z. japonica declined. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and PCK activities declined particularly drastically during the treatments. However, the activities of these enzymes in S. anglica showed either a slight increase or decrease upon a mild cold treatment, and remained relatively constant during further chilling treatments. There was a sharp decline in phosphoenolpyruvate in Z. japonica after exposure to 10 °C. On the other hand, metabolite levels in S. anglica were largely unaffected by the chilling treatments. These results suggest that the drastic declines of both PEPC and PCK activities may be important limiting factors responsible for cold sensitivity in C4 photosynthesis of Z. japonica.

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Photosynthesis of Tropical Pasture Plants I. Illuminance, Carbon Dioxide Concentration, Leaf Temperature, and Leaf-Air Vapour Pressure Difference

Cited by 143 publications

References 27 publications

Photosynthesis of Tropical Pasture Plants II. Temperature and Illuminance History

Photosynthesis of Tropical Pasture Plants II. Temperature and Illuminance History

A generalized nonlinear tempeature response function for some growth and developmental parameters in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang & A. R. Ferguson)

Photosynthetic responses to temperature of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type C₄ species differing in cold sensitivity

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Photosynthesis of Tropical Pasture Plants I. Illuminance, Carbon Dioxide Concentration, Leaf Temperature, and Leaf-Air Vapour Pressure Difference

Cited by 143 publications

References 27 publications

Photosynthesis of Tropical Pasture Plants II. Temperature and Illuminance History

Photosynthesis of Tropical Pasture Plants II. Temperature and Illuminance History

A generalized nonlinear tempeature response function for some growth and developmental parameters in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang & A. R. Ferguson)

Photosynthetic responses to temperature of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type C4 species differing in cold sensitivity

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Photosynthetic responses to temperature of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type C₄ species differing in cold sensitivity