Photosynthetic adaptation to polar life: Energy balance, photoprotection and genetic redundancy

Hüner, Norman P. A.; Smith, David Roy; Cvetkovska, Marina; Zhang, Xi; Ivanov, Alexander G.; Szyszka‐Mroz, Beth; Kalra, Isha; Morgan‐Kiss, Rachael M.

doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153557

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 225 publications

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“…Different salinity treatments were performed using sterile, filtered deionized water and artificial sea salt, with the addition of cultivation media. For the salinity treatments, marine isolates were incubated for three days under cultivation conditions at 1, 5, 10, 15,25,35,45,55,65,75,85, and 100 S A . Limnic isolates were exposed to salinities of 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 35, 40, 45, 55, and 65 S A .…”

Section: Photosynthetic Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To this day, remarkably little is known about marine benthic diatom biodiversity and ecophysiology in Antarctica. In contrast, the various microalgae of the Antarctic phytoplankton, as well as those associated with sea ice, with snow fields, or inhabiting terrestrial sites, are much better studied ([ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], and references therein). In addition, more recent publications have applied next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, greatly expanding current knowledge by providing fundamental information on the underlying molecular mechanisms of physiological and biochemical adaptations to polar environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photosynthetic, Respirational, and Growth Responses of Six Benthic Diatoms from the Antarctic Peninsula as Functions of Salinity and Temperature Variations

Prelle

Schmidt

Schimani

et al. 2022

Genes

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Temperature and salinity are some of the most influential abiotic parameters shaping biota in aquatic ecosystems. In recent decades, climate change has had a crucial impact on both factors—especially around the Antarctic Peninsula—with increasing air and water temperature leading to glacial melting and the accompanying freshwater increase in coastal areas. Antarctic soft and hard bottoms are typically inhabited by microphytobenthic communities, which are often dominated by benthic diatoms. Their physiology and primary production are assumed to be negatively affected by increased temperatures and lower salinity. In this study, six representative benthic diatom strains were isolated from different aquatic habitats at King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula, and comprehensively identified based on molecular markers and morphological traits. Photosynthesis, respiration, and growth response patterns were investigated as functions of varying light availability, temperature, and salinity. Photosynthesis–irradiance curve measurements pointed to low light requirements, as light-saturated photosynthesis was reached at <70 µmol photons m−2 s−1. The marine isolates exhibited the highest effective quantum yield between 25 and 45 SA (absolute salinity), but also tolerance to lower and higher salinities at 1 SA and 55 SA, respectively, and in a few cases even <100 SA. In contrast, the limnic isolates showed the highest effective quantum yield at salinities ranging from 1 SA to 20 SA. Almost all isolates exhibited high effective quantum yields between 1.5 °C and 25 °C, pointing to a broad temperature tolerance, which was supported by measurements of the short-term temperature-dependent photosynthesis. All studied Antarctic benthic diatoms showed activity patterns over a broader environmental range than they usually experience in situ. Therefore, it is likely that their high ecophysiological plasticity represents an important trait to cope with climate change in the Antarctic Peninsula.

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Section: Photosynthetic Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic, Respirational, and Growth Responses of Six Benthic Diatoms from the Antarctic Peninsula as Functions of Salinity and Temperature Variations

Prelle

Schmidt

Schimani

et al. 2022

Genes

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“…In this way, the enormous amount of lutein and zeaxanthin replaces the scavenging function LHCII plays in other green algae and plants. Alternatively, previous works have suggested a role for CBR in protection against PI 33,41,43 . The large amount of CBR that accumulates under HL conditions strongly suggests a scavenging function in PI protection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar results were previously obtained with LL-grown C. sorokinianna 32 . However, the total lack of state transitions in HL C. ohadii is a unique property that has only been reported for Chlamydomonas species isolated in Antarctica 33 .…”

Section: Ohadii Displays Limited State Transitions and No Phosphoryla...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A desert green alga that thrives at extreme high-light intensities using a unique photoin-hibition protection mechanism

Levin

Yasmin

Simanowitz

et al. 2022

Preprint

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While light is the driving force of photosynthesis, excessive light can be harmful. Photoinhibi-tion, or light-induced photo-damage, is one of the key processes limiting photosynthesis. When the absorbed light exceeds the amount that can be dissipated by photosynthetic elec-tron flow and other processes, damaging radicals are formed that mostly inactivate photosys-tem II (PSII). A well-defined mechanism that protects the photosynthetic apparatus from photoinhibition has been described in the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and plants. Chlorella ohadii is a green micro-alga, isolated from biological desert soil crusts, that thrives under extreme high light (HL) in which other organisms do not survive. Here, we show that this alga evolved unique protection mechanisms distinct from those of C. reinhard-tii and plants. When grown under extreme HL, significant structural changes were noted in the C. ohadii thylakoids, including a drastic reduction in the antennae and the formation of stripped core PSII, lacking its outer and inner antennae. This is accompanied by a massive ac-cumulation of protective carotenoids and proteins that scavenge harmful radicals. At the same time, several elements central to photoinhibition protection in C. reinhardtii, such as psbS, the stress-related light harvesting complex, PSII protein phosphorylation and state-transitions are entirely absent or were barely detected in C. ohadii. Taken together, a unique photoinhibition protection mechanism evolved in C. ohadii, enabling the species to thrive under extreme-light intensities where other photosynthetic organisms fail to survive.

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“…High temperatures increase the fluidity of cell membranes and enzymatic activities until the boundaries of protein denaturation (Salvucci and Crafts-Brandner 2004). Among other physiological changes, cells respond to high and low temperatures by changing the FA composition and more specifically, the degree of unsaturation in lipids (Hüner et al 2022;Los et al 2013;Allakhverdiev et al 2008). In general, NL increase at sub-optimal and supra-optimal conditions due to their role as an energy and PUFAs depot.…”

Section: Strategies For Epa and Lipid Classes Remodellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of eicosapentaenoic acid in polar lipids in Nannochloropsis oceanica

Ledo

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Photosynthetic adaptation to polar life: Energy balance, photoprotection and genetic redundancy

Cited by 24 publications

References 225 publications

Photosynthetic, Respirational, and Growth Responses of Six Benthic Diatoms from the Antarctic Peninsula as Functions of Salinity and Temperature Variations

Photosynthetic, Respirational, and Growth Responses of Six Benthic Diatoms from the Antarctic Peninsula as Functions of Salinity and Temperature Variations

A desert green alga that thrives at extreme high-light intensities using a unique photoin-hibition protection mechanism

Production of eicosapentaenoic acid in polar lipids in Nannochloropsis oceanica

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