Photosynthetic and yield performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under sowing in hot environment

Silicon-mediated improvement of biomass yield and physio-biochemical attributes in heat-stressed spinach (

“…In all green plants, the most fundamental physiological process is photosynthesis, and all of its components are sensitive to stress conditions; any type of stress at any stage of life affects overall photosynthetic efficiency of green plants (Alabdallah et al 2021). The present findings reveal that heat stress significantly decreases the photosynthetic attributes of spinach plants compared with control temperatures, which might be due to the decreased stomatal conductivity and transpiration rate (Mahdavi et al 2021). In tomato, high stomatal conductivity and transpiration rate under heat stress improve leaf cooling, providing better protection for chlorophyll and maintaining relatively high photosynthetic rate (Haque et al 2021).…”

Grain and flour quality of wheat genotypes grown under heat stress

“…Hence, CO 2 fixation is sufficient to maintain satisfactory grain-fill ( Dupont, 2008 ). In a previous study, we observed that tolerant genotypes were superior in CO 2 fixation than sensitive genotypes ( Mahdavi et al, 2021 ), which can justify high GW under heat stress conditions. The strong correlation between SC and GW under heat stress conditions exhibited that tolerant genotypes produce grains with a greater GW and SC than sensitive genotypes.…”

“…GW is one the key targets for deteriorating grain yield by terminal heat stress ( Bahrami et al, 2021 ). Heat stress accelerated anthesis and physiological maturity of wheat genotypes, especially in terms of shortening the grain filling duration by 27.6% under normal to heat stress conditions ( Mahdavi et al, 2021 ). The GW and its alterations in response to heat stress were lower in the tolerant than sensitive genotypes in our study, pointing to underlying mechanisms that drive plant protection against heat stress such as heat-shock proteins.…”

“…Tolerant (9) and sensitive (8) genotypes (17 out of 64) were selected on the basis of the STI data ( Mahdavi et al, 2021 ) and used to measure the following traits.…”

“…High temperatures (maximum daily temperatures > 30 °C), associated with climate change, adversely affect growth, development, and ultimately yield and quality of wheat ( Fleitas et al, 2020 ). In particular, heat stress accelerates grain filling process, which leads to decreased 1000 grain weight (GW) and grain yield ( Bergkamp et al, 2018 , Dwivedi et al, 2017 , Mahdavi et al, 2021 ), as well as inhibition starch synthesis in the endosperm amyloplasts and change in protein content and composition in wheat ( Spiertz et al, 2006 ). The synthesis and accumulation of starch in the grains is tightly linked to the yield as starch contributes to almost three quarter of the grains (70%) ( Arzani and Ashraf, 2017 ).…”