Photosynthetic Biohybrid Nanoswimmers System to Alleviate Tumor Hypoxia for FL/PA/MR Imaging‐Guided Enhanced Radio‐Photodynamic Synergetic Therapy

Abstract

Biohybrid microswimmers have recently shown to be able to actively perform in targeted delivery and in vitro biomedical applications. However, more envisioned functionalities of the microswimmers aimed at in vivo treatments are still challenging. A photosynthetic biohybrid nanoswimmers system (PBNs), magnetic engineered bacteria-Spirulina platensis, is utilized for tumor-targeted imaging and therapy. The engineered PBNs is fabricated by superparamagnetic magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 NPs) via a dip-coating process, enabling its tumor targeting ability and magnetic resonance imaging property after intravenous injection. It is found that the PBNs can be used as oxygenerator for in situ O 2 generations in hypoxic solid tumors through photosynthesis, modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME), thus improving the effectiveness of radiotherapy (RT). Furthermore, the innate chlorophyll released from the RT-treated PBNs, as a photosensitizer, can produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species under laser irradiation to achieve photodynamic therapy. Excellent tumor inhibition can be realized by the combined multimodal therapies. The PBNs also possesses capacities of chlorophyll-based fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging, which can monitor the tumor therapy and tumor TME environment. These intriguing properties of the PBNs provide a promising microrobotic platform for TME hypoxic modulation and cancer theranostic applications.

Multifunctional magnetic soft composites: a review

“…To realize even higher adaptability, recent works break the boundary between natural lives and artificial machines. Bio-hybrid systems of engineered cells with designed properties are demonstrated to navigate and release drugs controlled by the magnetic field [ 132 , 145 – 149 ]. For example, bio-hybrid microswimmers are constructed from red blood cells and bacteria with improved biocompatibility, load-carrying ability, and configurability.…”

Degradable and Excretable Ultrasmall Transition Metal Selenide Nanodots for High‐Performance Computed Tomography Bioimaging‐Guided Photonic Tumor Nanomedicine in NIR‐II Biowindow

“…Apart from CT imaging, Rh 3 Se 8 NDs feature strong absorption in NIR and high photothermal-conversion efficiency, highlighting the great potential in PA imaging. [16,21,[70][71][72] As displayed in Figure 3c, the Rh 3 Se 8 NDs exhibit an obvious contrast-enhancement effect on PA imaging in vitro. Furthermore, the 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mice were intravenously injected with Rh 3 Se 8 NDs and then detected with PA imaging at a given time.…”

Intelligent Soft Surgical Robots for Next‐Generation Minimally Invasive Surgery

“…Soft manipulators or robots from nanometer to centimeter scale will find their unique applications in their own areas. Small-scale soft robots, e.g., micromagnetic robots, [422][423][424] micromanipulators, [425] and nanorobots, [426,427] will exert their unique advantages in dexterity, maneuverability, and accessibility, whereas macroscale soft devices will continue to focus on macroscale navigation, diagnosis, and operation. Cross-scale collaboration is very attractive, through which their respective advantages may be combined.…”