Photosynthetic Contribution of Flowers and Seeds to Reproductive Effort of an Annual Colonizer

Bazzaz, F. A.; Carlson, R.W.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1979.tb07577.x

Cited by 118 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Only one study (of Clarkia tembloriensis) has manipulated flower longevity in order to study the trade-off between maintenance and construction (Ashman, unpublished), and it showed that increased floral lifetime led to decreased fruit weight (Table 5.1), thus suggesting that flower maintenance can be involved in resource trade-offs. In some cases, flowers (or more exactly, ovaries or fruits) may photosynthesize and contribute to their maintenance cost (Bazzaz and Carlson, 1979;Werk and Ehleringer, 1983;Galen et aI., 1993). Flower maintenance, however, still represents a cost that must be met by the plant regardless of the source of photosynthates.…”

Section: Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Floral Longevity: Fitness Consequences and Resource Costs

Ashman

Schoen

1996

Floral Biology

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Section: Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Floral Longevity: Fitness Consequences and Resource Costs

Ashman

Schoen

1996

Floral Biology

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“…Yet mechanisms for ameliorating such costs are common in¯owering plants. For example, photosynthetic¯owers contribute to carbon investment in¯oral display and rewards (Bazzaz and Carlson 1979;Werk and Ehleringer 1983;Heilmeier and Whale 1987;Galen et al 1993;Laporte and Delph 1996). In addition, nutrients allocated to¯oral tissues may be resorbed when¯owers senesce (Ashman 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are flowers physiological sinks or faucets? Costs and correlates of water use by flowers of Polemonium viscosum

Galen¹,

Sherry²,

Carroll³

1999

Oecologia

179

159

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Water loss through inflorescences may place extreme demands on plant water status in arid environments. Here we examine how corolla size, a trait known to influence pollination success, affects the water cost of flowering in the alpine skypilot, Polemonium viscosum. In a potometry experiment, water uptake rates of inflorescences were monitored during bud expansion and anthesis. Corolla volume of fully expanded flowers predicted water uptake during bud expansion (R =0.61, P=0.0375) and corolla surface area predicted water uptake during anthesis (R=0.59, P=0.044). To probe mechanisms underlying the relationship between corolla size and water uptake, cell dimensions and densities were measured in several regions of fully expanded corollas. Corolla length was positively correlated with cell length in the middle of the corolla tube and cell diameter in the corolla lobe (Pearson's r from 0.26-0.33, n=86, P ≤ 0.05). Cell density was negatively correlated with cell dimensions in the upper corolla tube and lobe (Pearson's r from -0.39 to -0.42, P ≤ 0.0015). These findings suggest that more water may be required to maintain turgor in large corollas in part because their tissues have lower cell wall densities. The carbon cost of water use by flowers was assessed in krummholz and tundra habitats for P. viscosum flowering, respectively, during dry and wet portions of the growing season. For plants in full flower, average leaf water potentials were significantly more negative (P=0.0079) at mid-day in the krummholz (June) than in the tundra (July), but were similar before dawn (P=0.631). Photosynthetic rate at the time of flowering declined significantly with increasing corolla size in the krummholz (P=0.0376), but was unrelated to corolla size on the tundra (P>0.72). Plants losing water through large corollas may close leaf stomata to maintain turgor. If photosynthesis limits growth in this perennial species, then the water cost of producing large flowers should exacerbate the cost of reproduction under dry conditions. Such factors could select for flowers with smaller corollas in the krummholz, countering pollinator-mediated selection and helping maintain genetic variation in corolla size components of P. viscosum.

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“…However, while reproductive output and storage allocation is likely to decrease in the face of competition and/or resource scarcity, the decrease is not necessarily linear as different structures require different resources and structures often have multiple functions (Reekie and Bazzaz, 2011); for example, flower structures can perform photosynthesis (Bazzaz and Carlson, 1979) and storage organs can enable vegetative propagation, which can increase survival and enhance resource exploration (Kleijn and Van Groenendael, 1999). The allocation pattern of plants with both sexual and vegetative propagation, such as perennial weeds, is further complicated by the fact that seeds and storage organs require different resources so their cost may vary depending on resource availability (Reekie, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elymus repensbiomass allocation and acquisition as affected by light and nutrient supply and companion crop competition

Ringselle

Prieto-Ruiz

Andersson

et al. 2016

Ann Bot

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Background and Aims Competitive crops are a central component of resource-efficient weed control, especially for problematic perennial weeds such as Elymus repens. Competition not only reduces total weed biomass, but denial of resources can also change the allocation pattern -potentially away from the underground storage organs that make perennial weeds difficult to control. Thus, the competition mode of crops may be an important component in the design of resource-efficient cropping systems. Our aim was to determine how competition from companion crops with different modes of competition affect E. repens biomass acquisition and allocation and discuss that in relation to how E. repens responds to different levels of light and nutrient supply.Methods Greenhouse experiments were conducted with E. repens growing in interspecific competition with increasing density of perennial ryegrass or red clover, or growing at three levels of both lig ht and nutrient supply.Key Results Elymus repens total biomass decreased with increasing biomass of the companion crop and the rate of decrease was higher with red clover than with perennial ryegrass, particularly for E. repens rhizome biomass. A reduced nutrient supply shifted E. repens allocation towards below-ground biomass while a reduced light supply shifted it towards shoot biomass. Red clover caused no change in E. repens allocation pattern, while ryegrass mostly shifted the allocation towards below-ground biomass, but the change was not correlated with ryegrass biomass.Conclusions The companion crop mode of competition influences both the suppression rate of E. repens biomass acquisition and the likelihood of shifts in E. repens biomass allocation.

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Photosynthetic Contribution of Flowers and Seeds to Reproductive Effort of an Annual Colonizer

Cited by 118 publications

References 8 publications

Floral Longevity: Fitness Consequences and Resource Costs

Floral Longevity: Fitness Consequences and Resource Costs

Are flowers physiological sinks or faucets? Costs and correlates of water use by flowers of Polemonium viscosum

Elymus repensbiomass allocation and acquisition as affected by light and nutrient supply and companion crop competition

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