Photosynthetic Energy Conversion Efficiency: Setting a Baseline for Gauging Future Improvements in Important Food and Biofuel Crops

Slattery, Rebecca; Ort, Donald R.

doi:10.1104/pp.15.00066

Cited by 66 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Photosynthetic crop productivity is known to depend significantly on the environmental factors such as temperature, light, moisture, and on the species and cultivar adaptive specificity [38][39][40][41][42][43]. This is clearly evidenced by our results.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

ADAPTIVENESS OF PRODUCTIVITY AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN BUCKWHEAT (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) LANDRACES AND VARIETIES PRODUCED AT DIFFERENT PERIODS

Амелин¹,

Фесенко²,

Chekalin³

et al. 2016

S-h. biol.

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A b s t r a c tCrop breeding if aimed mainly at the highest productivity results in a significant loss of defense system activity thus causing a decreased plant resistance to adverse environment factors. Reasonably, more attention is now being paid to evolution base in breeding. With this, we studied the norm of reaction to environment changes in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) cultivars and landraces as reflecting plant adaptation potential for photosynthesis and yield production to be further involved in breeding. A total of 11 buckwheat cultivars of which Kalininskaya, Bogatyr' and Shatilovskaya 5 have been derived in , and Chatyr-Tay, Batyr, Devyatka, Dizain, Demetra, Dikul' and Bashkirskaya krasnostebel'naya are the modern cultivars, together with landraces k-406 and k-1709 (VIR collection, St. Petersburg) were investigated. For the first time it was shown that in the course of buckwheat breeding no improvements in photosynthesis and production sustainability, as well as in homeostasis of grain formation have been achieved. Modern buckwheat cultivars possess high photosynthesis and productivity under favorable weather conditions, whereas at stresses do not have any significant advantage over their predecessors. In dry 2010 the seed production in modern cultivars was not reliably different from that in landraces and old cultivars, while in 2011-2013 at more favorable water supply and temperature it was on average 67.5 % higher, mostly due to the response of photosynthetic system to growing conditions. When drought occurred during the seed filling phase the photosynthetic activity in leaves decreased on average by 32.1 %, dry mass of the aboveground parts and seeds was lower by 46.7 % and 67.5 %, respectively, compared to those under favorable conditions in 2011-2013. With increasing water deficit the situation becomes worse. At soil moisture of 30 % of full capacity the activity of photosynthesis in buckwheat plant leaves was on average 4.4 times less, and seed production was 41.8 % less compared to the optimal moistening. At that, the losses were significantly higher in modern cultivars, e.g. in the k-1709 plants a 66.1 % decrease was found compared to 78.8 % in Dikul' and Dozhdik plants. Thus the obtained data suggests a low adaptive potential of modern buckwheat varieties. So we propose to improve the seed formation homeostasis in buckwheat plants. In this regard, the selection of autogamous form and the creation of self-pollinating varieties can be used as more effective approaches. The hybridization with F. homotropicum can significantly improve the viability of self-pollinated inbred lines of buckwheat, which can be successfully used in breeding programs to create autogamous varieties. Moreover, the adaptiveness of the of yield formation processes which are not sustainable enough to guarantee the high and sustainable crop production must be improved. An increased activity and effectiveness of photosynthesis and initial growth seem to be of interest. It is shown that the leaf photosynthetic rate...

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

ADAPTIVENESS OF PRODUCTIVITY AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN BUCKWHEAT (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) LANDRACES AND VARIETIES PRODUCED AT DIFFERENT PERIODS

Амелин¹,

Фесенко²,

Chekalin³

et al. 2016

S-h. biol.

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“…Because f S depends on growth it is actually also controlled to some extent by e. It has been shown that e has a range of observed values under field conditions (Zhu et al, 2010). In a meta-analysis conducted by Slattery and Ort (2015), observed values of e for maize were nearly double that of soybean but show similar ranges of magnitude.…”

Section: Other Environmental Factors Affecting the Magnitude Of τmentioning

confidence: 99%

SMOS optical thickness changes in response to the growth and development of crops, crop management, and weather

Hornbuckle

Patton

VanLoocke

et al. 2016

Remote Sensing of Environment

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7The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) remote sensing satellite was launched by the European Space Agency in 2009. The L-band brightness temperature observed by SMOS has been used to produce estimates of both soil moisture and τ , the optical thickness of the land surface. Although τ should theoretically be proportional to the amount of vegetation present within a SMOS pixel, several initial investigations have not been able to confirm this expected behavior. However, when the noise in the SMOS τ product is removed, τ in the U.S. Corn Belt, a region of extensive row-crop agriculture, has a distinct shape that mirrors the growth and development of crops. We find that the peak value of SMOS τ occurs at approximately 1000 • C day (base 10 • C) growing degree days after the mean planting date of maize (corn). We can explain this finding in the following way:τ is directly proportional to the water column density of vegetation; maize contributes the most to growing season changes in τ in the Corn Belt; and maize reaches its maximum water column density at its third reproductive stage of development, at about 1000 • C day growing degree days.Consequently, SMOS τ could be used to monitor the phenology of crops in the Corn Belt at a spatial resolution similar to a U.S. county and a temporal frequency on the order of days. We also examined the magnitude of the change in SMOS τ over the growing season and hypothesized it would be related to the amount of accumulated solar radiation, but found this not to be the case.On the other hand, the change in magnitude was smallest for the year in which the most precipitation fell. These findings are rational since SMOS τ at the satellite scale is in fact a function of both vegetation and soil surface roughness, and soil surface roughness is reduced by precipitation.To fully explain changes in SMOS τ in the Corn Belt it appears that it will be necessary to use in situ and remotely-sensed observations along with agro-ecosystem models to account for land management decisions made by farmers that affect changes in soil surface roughness and all of the relevant biophysical processes that affect the growth and development of crops.

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“…Therefore, it is possible that genotypic variation in soybean yield responses to elevated [CO 2 ] could be driven by changes in FPAR i, RUE , and HI. A recent meta-analysis showed RUE in soybean is positively correlated with atmospheric [CO 2 ] in recent decades (Slattery & Ort, 2015), while a field study of historical soybean varieties found evidence that breeding has also resulted in improved RUE (Koester, Skoneczka, Cary, Diers, & Ainsworth, 2014). RUE is the slope of the relationship between the energy content of accumulated aboveground biomass vs. intercepted photosynthetically active radiation and generally represents the balance between photosynthesis and respiration (Sinclair & Muchow, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf and canopy scale drivers of genotypic variation in soybean response to elevated carbon dioxide concentration

Sanz‐Sáez

Koester

Rosenthal

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

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The atmospheric [CO ] in which crops grow today is greater than at any point in their domestication history and represents an opportunity for positive effects on seed yield that can counteract the negative effects of greater heat and drought this century. In order to maximize yields under future atmospheric [CO ], we need to identify and study crop cultivars that respond most favorably to elevated [CO ] and understand the mechanisms contributing to their responsiveness. Soybean (Glycine max Merr.) is a widely grown oilseed crop and shows genetic variation in response to elevated [CO ]. However, few studies have studied the physiological basis for this variation. Here, we examined canopy light interception, photosynthesis, respiration and radiation use efficiency along with yield and yield parameters in two cultivars of soybean (Loda and HS93-4118) previously reported to have similar seed yield at ambient [CO ], but contrasting responses to elevated [CO ]. Seed yield increased by 26% at elevated [CO ] (600 μmol/mol) in the responsive cultivar Loda, but only by 11% in HS93-4118. Canopy light interception and leaf area index were greater in HS93-4118 in ambient [CO ], but increased more in response to elevated [CO ] in Loda. Radiation use efficiency and harvest index were also greater in Loda than HS93-4118 at both ambient and elevated [CO ]. Daily C assimilation was greater at elevated [CO ] in both cultivars, while stomatal conductance was lower. Electron transport capacity was also greater in Loda than HS93-4118, but there was no difference in the response of photosynthetic traits to elevated [CO ] in the two cultivars. Overall, this greater understanding of leaf- and canopy-level photosynthetic traits provides a strong conceptual basis for modeling genotypic variation in response to elevated [CO ].

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Photosynthetic Energy Conversion Efficiency: Setting a Baseline for Gauging Future Improvements in Important Food and Biofuel Crops

Cited by 66 publications

References 53 publications

ADAPTIVENESS OF PRODUCTIVITY AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN BUCKWHEAT (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) LANDRACES AND VARIETIES PRODUCED AT DIFFERENT PERIODS

ADAPTIVENESS OF PRODUCTIVITY AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN BUCKWHEAT (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) LANDRACES AND VARIETIES PRODUCED AT DIFFERENT PERIODS

SMOS optical thickness changes in response to the growth and development of crops, crop management, and weather

Leaf and canopy scale drivers of genotypic variation in soybean response to elevated carbon dioxide concentration

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