Photosynthetic generation of oxygen

Barber, James

doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0047

Cited by 57 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The major inhabitant of the thylakoid lumen in the granal membrane domains is the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), which stabilizes the manganese catalytic center of PSII and optimizes the ionic environment for water oxidation (ref. 5 and references therein). The very high density of PSII in the granal membranes (6) implies that the space available for movement in the lumen of these thylakoids may be limited, depending on the thickness of this compartment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic control of protein diffusion within the granal thylakoid lumen

Kirchhoff

Hall

Wood

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

223

224

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The machinery that conducts the light-driven reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis is hosted within specialized paired membranes called thylakoids. In higher plants, the thylakoids are segregated into two morphological and functional domains called grana and stroma lamellae. A large fraction of the luminal volume of the granal thylakoids is occupied by the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II. Electron microscopy data we obtained on dark-and light-adapted Arabidopsis thylakoids indicate that the granal thylakoid lumen significantly expands in the light. Models generated for the organization of the oxygen-evolving complex within the granal lumen predict that the light-induced expansion greatly alleviates restrictions imposed on protein diffusion in this compartment in the dark. Experiments monitoring the redox kinetics of the luminal electron carrier plastocyanin support this prediction. The impact of the increase in protein mobility within the granal luminal compartment in the light on photosynthetic electron transport rates and processes associated with the repair of photodamaged photosystem II complexes is discussed.T he primary processes of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, algae, and higher plants are carried out within flattened vesicles, called thylakoids, which host the molecular complexes that conduct the light-driven reactions of photosynthesis and provide a medium for energy transduction. In higher plants and some green algae, the thylakoids are differentiated into two distinct morphological domains: cylindrical stacked regions ranging between 300 and 600 nm in diameter, coined grana, and unstacked membrane regions that interconnect the grana called stroma lamellae. The photosynthetic protein complexes are unevenly distributed between the two domains: most of photosystem II (PSII) and the major light-harvesting antenna complex II (LHCII) are localized in the appressed regions of the grana, whereas photosystem I (PSI) and ATP synthase are confined to nonappressed membrane regions, which include the stroma lamellae and grana end membranes and margins (refs. 1-4 and references therein).The current study focuses on the thylakoid luminal compartment. This compartment forms a continuous aqueous space encased by the thylakoid membranes, which separate it from the chloroplast stroma. The major inhabitant of the thylakoid lumen in the granal membrane domains is the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), which stabilizes the manganese catalytic center of PSII and optimizes the ionic environment for water oxidation (ref. 5 and references therein). The very high density of PSII in the granal membranes (6) implies that the space available for movement in the lumen of these thylakoids may be limited, depending on the thickness of this compartment. This impending constraint, in turn, raises the possibility that diffusion of proteins in the granal thylakoid lumen may be modulated by reversible changes in its thickness. Such changes may occur in response to alterations in the light environment. To test this possibility, we ...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic control of protein diffusion within the granal thylakoid lumen

Kirchhoff

Hall

Wood

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

223

224

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“…Hence, it is thus reasonable that cyanobacteria evolved on land from Terrabacteria. The complicated molecular evolutionary steps that led to oxygenic photosynthesis are beyond the scope of the paper (see Barber 2008). Once cyanobacteria had innovated a complicated biochemistry for oxygenic photosynthesis, their probable niches were near the top of the soils or in shallow waters.…”

Section: Shale Granite and Cyanobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(i) Bacterial photosystems I and II are related, implying that bacterial photosynthesis originated just once (e.g. Sadekar et al 2006;Barber 2008). Cyanobacteria evolved later by the fusion of two microbes: one with photosystem I and the other with photosystem II (Xiong et al 2000;Baymann et al 2001;Allen & Martin 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary ecology during the rise of dioxygen in the Earth's atmosphere

Sleep

Bird

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Pre-photosynthetic niches were meagre with a productivity of much less than 10 K4 of modern photosynthesis. Serpentinization, arc volcanism and ridge-axis volcanism reliably provided H 2 . Methanogens and acetogens reacted CO 2 with H 2 to obtain energy and make organic matter. These skills pre-adapted a bacterium for anoxygenic photosynthesis, probably starting with H 2 in lieu of an oxygen 'acceptor'. Use of ferrous iron and sulphide followed as abundant oxygen acceptors, allowing productivity to approach modern levels. The 'photobacterium' proliferated rooting much of the bacterial tree. Land photosynthetic microbes faced a dearth of oxygen acceptors and nutrients. A consortium of photosynthetic and soil bacteria aided weathering and access to ferrous iron. Biologically enhanced weathering led to the formation of shales and, ultimately, to granitic rocks. Already oxidized iron-poor sedimentary rocks and low-iron granites provided scant oxygen acceptors, as did freshwater in their drainages. Cyanobacteria evolved dioxygen production that relieved them of these vicissitudes. They did not immediately dominate the planet. Eventually, anoxygenic and oxygenic photosynthesis oxidized much of the Earth's crust and supplied sulphate to the ocean. Anoxygenic photosynthesis remained important until there was enough O 2 in downwelling seawater to quantitatively oxidize massive sulphides at mid-ocean ridge axes.

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“…Bacterial photosynthesis evolved just once. Photosystems I and II are related (e.g., Sadakar et al 2006;Barber 2008). Battistuzzi et al (2004) and Battistuzzi and Hedges (2009) proposed that most bacteria clades descend from the original photosynthetic ancestor.…”

Section: Advent Of Photosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hadean-Archaean Environment

Sleep¹

2010

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

192

138

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A sparse geological record combined with physics and molecular phylogeny constrains the environmental conditions on the early Earth. The Earth began hot after the moon-forming impact and cooled to the point where liquid water was present in $10 million years Subsequently, a few asteroid impacts may have briefly heated surface environments, leaving only thermophile survivors in kilometer-deep rocks. A warm 500 K, 100 bar CO 2 greenhouse persisted until subducted oceanic crust sequestered CO 2 into the mantle. It is not known whether the Earth's surface lingered in a $708C thermophile environment well into the Archaean or cooled to clement or freezing conditions in the Hadean. Recently discovered $4.3 Ga rocks near Hudson Bay may have formed during the warm greenhouse. Alkalic rocks in India indicate carbonate subduction by 4.26 Ga. The presence of 3.8 Ga black shales in Greenland indicates that S-based photosynthesis had evolved in the oceans and likely Fe-based photosynthesis and efficient chemical weathering on land. Overall, mantle derived rocks, especially kimberlites and similar CO 2 -rich magmas, preserve evidence of subducted upper oceanic crust, ancient surface environments, and biosignatures of photosynthesis. Earth scientists ask whether inferences from molecular phylogeny make geological and ecological sense. They also use the Earth's geological record to tie phylogenic events to the Earth's absolute time scale. The lack of ancient preserved rocks hinders all these efforts to the point of grasping at straws. One may use the pittance of ancient rock samples working back from younger better recorded times. A parallel

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Photosynthetic generation of oxygen

Cited by 57 publications

References 66 publications

Dynamic control of protein diffusion within the granal thylakoid lumen

Dynamic control of protein diffusion within the granal thylakoid lumen

Evolutionary ecology during the rise of dioxygen in the Earth's atmosphere

The Hadean-Archaean Environment

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