Photosynthetic Protein-Based Edible Quality Formation in Various Porphyra dentata Harvests Determined by Label-Free Proteomics Analysis

Abstract

The influence of harvest time on the photosynthetic protein quality of the red alga Porphyra dentata was determined using label-free proteomics. Of 2716 differentially abundant proteins that were identified in this study, 478 were upregulated and 374 were downregulated. The top enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) pathways were metabolic processes and biosynthetic pathways such as photosynthesis, light harvesting, and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. Nine important photosynthetic proteins were screened. Correlations among their expression levels were contrasted and verified by western blotting. PSII D1 and 44-kDa protein levels increased with later harvest time and increased light exposure. Specific photoprotective protein expression accelerated P. dentata growth and development. Biological processes such as photosynthesis and carbon cycling increased carbohydrate metabolism and decreased the total protein content. The results of the present study provide a scientific basis for the optimization of the culture and harvest of P. dentata.

Bioinformatic Prediction and Characterization of Proteins in Porphyra dentata by Shotgun Proteomics

“…Catalytic activity (GO:0003824, 103) and binding (GO:0005488, 69) are the main molecular function. The KEGG pathway showed that most identified proteins are involved in amino acid ( 17 ), carbohydrate ( 24 ), and energy metabolism ( 23 ). Identified proteins also participate in protein translation ( 23 ), folding, sorting, degradation, and genetic information processing ( Figure 2B ).…”

“…Our study confirmed that with the gradual extension of harvest time, excitation of specific proteins reduced the production of proteins involved in photoinhibition and ensured stable the photosynthesis cycle. P. dentata gradually darkened, thickened, increased carbohydrate content, and decreased protein content ( 17 ). In addition, T6P can increase fatty acid synthesis and accumulation in Porphyra tissues, which was consistent with our results (determination not published).…”

“…Our previous study found that ATP could significantly affect the quality of Porphyra while harvesting during photosynthesis. Thus, the overall quality of P. dentata results in protein and carbohydrate changes, as well as flavor differences ( 17 ). During the first and fifth harvest of P. dentata , this network is the first and most comprehensive interactomics map of interactions between amino acids and carbohydrate metabolism functional substances involved ( Supplementary Table 2 for full-color annotation).…”

“…Although correlations between structural and functional properties have not been fully determined, the use of bioinformatic characterizations and bioactive peptide databases such as APD3 and BIOPepDB can improve the analysis and exploration of the physical and chemical properties of bioactive peptides ( 15 , 16 ). But the harvest period and growing cycle of P. dentata remain difficult and uncertain for development, utilization, and intensive processing ( 17 ).…”

Conjoint transcriptomic and proteogenomic analysis of quality formation in various Porphyra dentata harvests: Photosynthesis acts as a stressor

“…Prolonging the photocycle and the increase in carbon cycling driving the process accelerated the synthesis of carbohydrates and reduced the total protein content. Therefore, the nutritional and commercial value gradually decreased (Yang et al., 2022a).…”