Photothermal therapy enhanced the effectiveness of imiquimod against refractory cutaneous warts through boosting immune responses

Shi, Lei; Luo, Min; Zhang, Fuhe; Zhang, Linglin; Wang, Bo; Liu, Pei; Zhang, Yunfeng; Zhang, Haiyan; Yang, Degang; Zhang, Guolong; Zhou, Feifan; Stepp, Herbert; Sroka, Ronald; Chen, Wei R.; Wang, Xiuli

doi:10.1002/jbio.201800149

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A cohort study 56 showed warts were more persistent and refractory to treatment in organ transplant recipients. In an RCT in 2018, 57 the included refractory warts were those that lasted for more than 2 years and failed response to more than two treatment methods (laser surgery, electrosurgery, curettage, liquid nitrogen freezing therapy, and topical salicylic acid treatment). In an observational study, 58 refractory warts were those resistant to conventional treatments and there was no improvement after trying different methods.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous warts (2022)

Zhu

Yang

et al. 2022

J Evidence Based Medicine

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Aim Cutaneous warts caused by human papillomavirus are benign proliferative lesions that occur at any ages in human lives. Updated, comprehensive and systematic evidence‐based guidelines to guide clinical practice are urgently needed. Methods We collaborated with multidisciplinary experts to formulate this guideline based on evidences of already published literature, focusing on 13 clinical questions elected by a panel of experts. We adopted Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to form classification of recommendations as well as the improved Delphi method to retain respective recommendations with a consensus degree of over 80%. Results Our guideline covered aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous warts such as diagnostic gold standard, transmission routes, laboratory tests, treatment principle, clinical cure criterion, definitions, and treatments of common warts, flat warts, plantar warts, condyloma acuminatum, and epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Recommendations about special population such as children and pregnant women are also listed. In total, 49 recommendations have been obtained. Conclusions It is a comprehensive and systematic evidence‐based guideline and we hope this guideline could systematically and effectively guide the clinical practice of cutaneous warts and improve the overall levels of medical services.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous warts (2022)

Zhu

Yang

et al. 2022

J Evidence Based Medicine

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“…Other studies consistently demonstrated that NIR irradiation along with topical imiquimod application induced release of DAMPs suppressing tumor growth in breast and skin cancer models in mice. 34 Following these in vivo results in animal models, the combination of PTT and immunologic adjuvants for refractory cutaneous warts 35 and immune checkpoint inhibitors for melanoma 36 was tested and proved effective in clinical studies.…”

Section: Cancer Photomedicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Quickly evolving near‐infrared photoimmunotherapy provides multifaceted approach to modern cancer treatment

Monaco

Yokomizo

Choi

et al. 2021

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Among modalities of cancer immunotherapy, near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) has reached significant preclinical and clinical stages and quickly evolved over the last 5 years. NIR-PIT uses deep-penetrable NIR light to induce physicochemical changes in the antibody-photosensitizer conjugate (APC), leading to resultant necrosis and immunogenic cell death (ICD) of the cancer cells. Alternatively, other types of photomedicine use photosensitizers to convert absorbed light energy either into reactive oxygen species for photodynamic therapy (PDT) or into heat for photothermal therapy (PTT). ICD is a unique and relevant outcome of NIR-PIT because it induces long-lasting antitumor host immunity, which overcomes the immunosuppressive network of cancer. Due to its high specificity and durable antitumor effects, NIR-PIT is now considered a promising cancer therapy, and optimized NIR-PIT is readily expanding its applicability to many different types of cancer. Along with the traditional method of NIR-PIT, new avenues in its realm of treatment are currently being explored, such as the targeting of other immunosuppressive elements, delivery of NIR light through a catheter, real-time imaging for tumor detection, and the use of tumor-seeking small molecules for improved efficacy and safety. In addition, its effect on hyperpermeability has opened a door for a wide array of combination therapies with other modalities. This review summarizes the recent findings in clinical and preclinical studies of NIR-induced photomedicine and its future significance in the field of cancer research.

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“…In response to this, DCs are stimulated and produce IFN‐γ and increase their expression of MHCII and CD80 and recruitment of DCs and T cells in tumor microenvironment. Consistently, a 10‐minutes treatment with 805‐808 nm light at an irradiance of 1‐1.5 W/cm 2 along with topical imiquimod application has been shown to induce release of damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (HSP70, HSP90, and HMGB1) suppressed tumor growth in mammary tumor and skin squamous cell carcinoma in humans and mice, and melanoma and refractory cutaneous warts in humans . In this approach, immunogenic cell death also provides sources of tumor neoantigens, creating an in situ autologous cancer vaccine.…”

Section: Ultrashort Pulsed Laser Adjuvantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser adjuvant for vaccination

Kashiwagi

2020

FASEB j.

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The use of an immunologic adjuvant to augment the immune response is essential for modern vaccines which are relatively ineffective on their own. In the past decade, researchers have been consistently reporting that skin treatment with a physical parameter, namely laser light, augments the immune response to vaccine and functions as an immunologic adjuvant. This “laser adjuvant” has numerous advantages over the conventional chemical or biological agents; it is free from cold chain storage, hypodermic needles, biohazardous sharp waste, irreversible formulation with vaccine antigen, undesirable biodistribution in vital organs, or unknown long‐term toxicity. Since vaccine formulations are given to healthy populations, these characteristics render the “laser adjuvant” significant advantages for clinical use and open a new developmental path for a safe and effective vaccine. In addition, laser technology has been used in the clinic for more than three decades and is therefore technically matured and has been proved to be safe. Currently, four classes of laser adjuvant have been reported; ultrashort pulsed, non‐pulsed, non‐ablative fractional, and ablative fractional lasers. Since each class of the laser adjuvant shows a distinct mechanism of action, a proper choice is necessary to craft an effective vaccine formulation toward a desired clinical benefit for a clinical vaccine to maximize protection. In addition, data also suggest that further improvement in the efficacy is possible when a laser adjuvant is combined with chemical or biological adjuvant(s). To realize these goals, further efforts to uncover the molecular mechanisms of action of the laser adjuvants is warranted. This review provides a summary and comments of the recent updates in the laser adjuvant technology.

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Photothermal therapy enhanced the effectiveness of imiquimod against refractory cutaneous warts through boosting immune responses

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous warts (2022)

Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous warts (2022)

Quickly evolving near‐infrared photoimmunotherapy provides multifaceted approach to modern cancer treatment

Laser adjuvant for vaccination

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