Photothermally activated multifunctional MoS2 bactericidal nanoplatform for combined chemo/photothermal/photodynamic triple-mode therapy of bacterial and biofilm infections

Applications of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy against Bacterial Biofilms

“…More importantly, it has enabled combination therapies involving PDT that successfully augment its bacterial and biofilm destruction mechanisms in many ways. Nanoconjugate-mediated combination with several known antibiotics such as vancomycin, minocycline, and cefepime have demonstrated the power of incorporating these drugs with the photodynamic photosensitizer in one nanoconjugate [ 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 ] while plasmonic nanoparticle-mediated combination with PTT [ 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 ] showed synergistic improvements in bacterial and biofilm eradication. Given that different antibiotic drugs have different mechanism and targets, the data presented by Pérez-Laguna et al (2021) on the use of more than one antibiotic drug in combination with PDT suggests that more research is needed to evaluate synergism and additivity [ 21 ].…”

“…A nanoplatform for another triple combination therapy involving silver nanoparticle-based chemotherapy, indocyanine green-based aPDT and molybdenum disulphide-based PTT was fabricated by decorating the molybdenum disulphide nano-sheets with indocyanine green and silver nanoparticles. This therapy also showed broad-spectrum sterilization and biofilm structural destruction reaching deep into the biofilm [ 121 ], closing 1 cm wounds in 7 days, compared to the controls, in which the wounds did not reach 50% closure during this period. These molybdenum disulphide-based, and other triple therapy proofs-of-concept have been on the rise over the past few years [ 122 , 123 ].…”

Additive manufacturing of smart polymeric composites: Literature review and future perspectives

“…Such as photothermally active polymer can be used in applications like photodynamic therapy, where conventionally triggered conversion is difficult to maintain. [126] There are several literature contributions in photothermally activating the nanoparticle, [18,[127][128][129] dye, [130][131][132] and F I G U R E 8 Stimuli response of SMPs. [113] carbon fibers.…”

“…Several smart materials are reported in the literature fabricated with different AM techniques with specific applications and related limitations like toxicity, degradability, biocompatibility, and so forth. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] However, the literature lacks a detailed investigation of the materials that can be triggered remotely, specifically polymers nanocomposites. Smart systems and devices require functional materials and depend on innovative designs like cardiovascular stents, [25] and porous bone scaffolds [26] used in biomedical applications.…”

MoSBOTs: Magnetically Driven Biotemplated MoS2‐Based Microrobots for Biomedical Applications

“…[19,20] Owing to the above-mentioned features, 2D MoS 2 has found use in a wealth of applications in the biomedical area. For example, MoS 2 has been proposed as a therapeutic carrier, [20,21] an anti-bacterial agent, [22] or as photocatalytic agent. [23] An interesting feature of 2D MoS 2 is its high NIR absorbance, which makes this material an outstanding photoabsorbent capable of transforming photonic energy into heat.…”